In our daily life, we will inevitably encounter accidental injuries. In the face of emergencies, we are in a hurry and in a panic. How to deal with them correctly? Today's editor teaches you some common sense of life emergency, hoping to help you.
First, scald.
1. Use cold water to cool for 10 minutes.
2. Cover with a clean, moist dressing.
3. When the wound is swollen, remove the wristwatch, bracelet, ring, etc., and fix the dressing gently and bandage it, taking care not to be too tight.
4. Tie the bandage to the opposite side of the injury.
2、 Alcoholism
1. For comatose, make sure the airway is clear.
2. If the patient has vomiting, immediately place him in a stable lateral position to let the vomiting flow out.
3. Keep the patient warm, especially in wet and cold conditions.
4. Check the breathing, pulse and reaction, and use CPR immediately if necessary.
5. Put the patient in a stable lateral position, monitor the condition closely, check and record the respiration, pulse and reaction degree every 10 minutes.
Three. Blast injury
1. If you are injured by explosion, do not rub or wash your eyes randomly. At most, drop appropriate amount of anti-inflammatory eyedrops, lie on your back, call 120 or rush to the hospital where conditions permit.
2. If the hand or foot is injured by firecrackers and bleeding, you should quickly use your hands to block the upper part of the bleeding area. If there is Yunnan Baiyao Powder or Sanqi powder, you can sprinkle it to stop bleeding. If the bleeding is not only large but also large, the upper part of the bleeding area shall be tied with rubber band or coarse cloth, the affected limb shall be raised and sent to the hospital for debridement. However, the strapping should be loosened every 15 minutes to avoid ischemic necrosis.
4、 Finger cut
1. If the bleeding is less and the injury is not serious, the wound can be covered with a band aid after cleaning. It is not recommended to apply medicine such as red potion or hemostatic powder on the wound, as long as the wound is clean.
2. If the wound is large and bleeding continues, stop the bleeding first, and then rush to the hospital immediately. The specific hemostasis method is to bandage the wound with clean gauze, hold both sides of the root of the finger and hold the heart high, because the blood vessels here are distributed on the left and right sides. This gesture can effectively stop the bleeding. It is better to use rubber tourniquet, but it should be noted that the tourniquet must be relaxed for several minutes every 20-30 minutes, otherwise it is easy to cause finger ischemia and necrosis.
5、 Cerebral hemorrhage
First aid formula: turn your head to the side
Typical symptoms: people with a history of high blood pressure, due to a sudden drop in temperature or emotional excitement, suddenly have a lisp or even coma.
1. The family members should control their feelings, and do not shout or shake the comatose person violently to wake the patient up, otherwise it will only make the condition worsen rapidly.
2. If the patient is lying on the bed, due to the increase of brain pressure, such patients are prone to jet vomiting. If the vomit is not removed in time, it may lead to cerebral hemorrhage coma and suffocation due to the blockage of airway by vomit. Therefore, the patient's head must be turned to one side so that vomitus can flow out of the mouth.
3. Family members can use ice bags or cold towels to apply on the forehead of patients to help stop bleeding and reduce brain pressure.
6、 Hemorrhagic shock
First aid formula: observe closely to prevent blood loss.
Typical symptoms: a large amount of blood loss due to an accident, with zero blood pressure.
1. For the shock patients, we must pay attention to that when using the stretcher to carry to the treatment place, the head of the patients should be close to the stretcher carrier at the back, so that the shock patients can be closely observed at any time to cope with the deterioration of the condition.
2. On the way to the hospital, the direction of the patient's head should be opposite to that of the vehicle (ambulance, airplane, etc.) to avoid further blood loss due to acceleration.
3. If the shock victim is a pregnant woman in a large month, she should be allowed to take a lateral position, otherwise the fetus and the huge uterus will compress the blood vessels, resulting in a decrease in the amount of returned blood and aggravating shock.
7、 Burn treatment
1. If the burned skin is still intact, it should be cooled locally as soon as possible. If it is placed under the tap, wash it for about 10 minutes. This will remove heat from local tissues and reduce one step damage.
2. Bandage the wound with a soft, moist, preferably sterile pad. Take care not to be too tight.
3. If the skin has been burned, cover it with a clean mat to protect the injury and reduce the risk of infection.
8、 Gastric perforation
First aid tips: lie on your left side.
Typical symptoms: in patients with gastric ulcer, acute and intolerable abdominal pain suddenly occurs, and the abdomen is hard and distended, that is, gastric perforation is most likely to occur.
During the Spring Festival, patients with gastric ulcer are likely to have gastric perforation after emotional shaking or overeating. Once the above symptoms occur, the possibility of gastric perforation should be considered immediately. Before the ambulance arrives, the following should be done:
1. Don't cover your stomach and roll around. Lie on the bed to the left. The reason is that most of the perforations are on the right side of the stomach. Lying to the left can effectively prevent stomach acid and food from further flowing into the abdominal cavity and aggravating the disease.
2. If the medical staff can't arrive in time, but there are some simple medical equipment on site, the patient can install the stomach tube by himself. Specific method: insert the stomach tube into the nostril, to the throat, while breathing, swallow forcefully, and swallow the stomach tube into the stomach. Then use the syringe to pull out the contents of the stomach, which can reduce the infection level of the abdominal cavity and win the treatment time for the patient. Remember that the patient must also lie on the left side at this time.
Nine, the fish bone sticks the throat
1. Carry out abdominal compression (if the patient is pregnant or obese, carry out chest compression). If the patient is unable to stand, put it flat on a solid plane, cross sit on the patient's leg for abdominal compression for five times, and then check whether foreign bodies are coughed up.
3. If you dig with your fingers, you can only dig when you can see the foreign matters. You can't dig blindly.
Summary: the first aid knowledge listed above is something everyone needs to master. No matter people around or passers-by, you may be able to make a comeback through your first aid measures. At least, you can buy enough time for the doctor to come and prevent deterioration.