The summer solstice solar term of "one overcast day in summer, a little late leakage" comes on June 21 or 22 every year. This day is the longest day and the shortest night in China, which is located in the northern hemisphere. After that, people will feel more and more hot. Rainstorm, plum rain, high temperature and humidity start to become the main characteristics of the weather.
Summer solstice time of 2018: June 21 lunar calendar May 8, 2018
The origin of summer solstice
The summer solstice is the earliest solar term among the 24 solar terms. In the quiet study period of the seventh century BC, the ancestors used the tugui to measure the sun's shadow, which determined the summer solstice. According to the copy of "abide by the constitution" it is said that "the sun reaches to the north, the day is long, and the shadow is short, so it is called the summer solstice. To the extreme, too. On the day of summer solstice, the position of direct sunlight on the ground reaches the northernmost end of the year, almost directly on the Tropic of cancer (23 & deg; 26 \ '), which is the longest day of the whole year in the northern hemisphere, and the higher the latitude, the longer the day. For example, Haikou in Hainan Province is about 13 hours long, Hangzhou is about 14 hours, Beijing is about 15 hours, and Mohe in Heilongjiang Province is over 17 hours. North of the Arctic Circle, the sun is above the horizon all day, making it the widest day of the year in the northern hemisphere. At the same time, for the Tropic of cancer and the area to the north, the summer solstice is also the day with the highest sun height in the middle of the year. In Beijing, the sun is 73 & deg; 32 & prime; high at noon on the summer solstice;. On this day, the northern hemisphere received the most solar radiation, nearly twice as much as the southern hemisphere. The southern hemisphere is now in the middle of winter. Astronomical experts say the summer solstice is the turning point of the sun, after which it will go back. After the summer solstice, the direct point of the sun gradually moved to the south, and the days in the northern hemisphere began to become shorter. For the Tropic of cancer and the area to the north, after the summer solstice, the noon solar height began to decrease day by day. There is a folk saying that "eating noodles in summer is a short line of a day". Wei Yingwu, a poet of Tang Dynasty, once wrote in his book "summer solstice North pool", that "the sundial in the day has reached the end of the cloud, and the night drain has been long since then". In ancient China, the summer solstice was divided into three periods: 'the first one was antlers; the second one was cicadas; the third one was Pinellia. Although elk and deer belong to the same family, the ancients believed that both belong to Yin and Yang. The antlers of deer are antediluvian, so they belong to Yang. On the summer solstice, Yin Qi was born and Yang Qi began to decline, so the positive antlers began to fall off. Because of its Yin, the elk only falls off on the winter solstice; the male cicadas sing after the summer solstice because they feel Yin; Pinellia is a kind of herb that likes Yin, so it gets its name because it was born in the swamp or paddy field in midsummer. Thus, in the hot midsummer, some Yin loving creatures began to appear, while the positive ones began to decline. Chinese folk divide the 15 days after the summer solstice into three 'hours', the first three days, the middle five days and the last seven days. During this period, the temperature in most areas of China is higher, the sunshine is sufficient, the crops grow rapidly, and the physiological and ecological water demand is more. At this time, the precipitation has a great impact on agricultural production, there is a saying that the summer solstice rain point is worth thousands of gold. In general years, the precipitation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and the Huanghuai region can generally meet the requirements of crop growth. In the book of Jingchu, it is said: 'there will be three rains in June. The Tian family thinks it's sweet, and they celebrate each other in the city. It can be seen that more than 1000 years ago, people had a clear understanding of the characteristics of this rainfall.
Summer solstice custom
Do not shave
This is a custom taboo in the Qing Dynasty. According to the records of the Qing Jialu, on the summer solstice, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the sun is at the turn of the day, when the. It's said that shaving and hairdressing will break luck on the summer solstice.
Thunderstorm is the most taboo in summer solstice
In the folk, especially for farmers, it is the most taboo to be afraid of thunderstorm on the summer solstice. According to the folk saying: 'there is thunder on the summer solstice, and drought in June; there is rain on the summer solstice, and there is heat in three seasons. 'for the farmers who depend on the weather for food, whether it is drought or hot, it will affect the harvest of crops. So, in the old days, people hoped not to thunder or rain at the summer solstice.
Summer solstice customs
Offering sacrifices to gods and ancestors: it's the harvest of wheat in the summer solstice. Since ancient times, there has been a custom of celebrating the harvest and offering sacrifices to ancestors to pray for the elimination of disasters. Therefore, as a festival, the summer solstice is included in the ancient ritual of offering sacrifices to gods. "The rites of the Zhou Dynasty & middot; spring official" says: "in summer, to the local objects and mandrills. "The summer solstice of the Zhou Dynasty is a sacrifice to the gods, which means to eliminate barren years, hunger and death. The summer solstice is just after the wheat harvest. The farmers not only thank God for the harvest, but also pray for the 'Autumn report'. Around the summer solstice, some places hold grand "summer wheat", which is the remains of ancient "summer sacrifice" activities. Summer retreat: on the summer solstice, women give each other folding fans, lipstick and other things. "You yangzazu & middot; Li Yi": 'on the summer solstice, there are words for entering the fan and powder fat bag. "Fan" is used to generate wind, and "powder fat" is used to smear the turbid gas generated by bulk heat to prevent prickly heat. In the imperial court, after the summer solstice, the royal family took out the ice used in winter, Tibet and summer to kill the summer and avoid ambush. Since the Zhou Dynasty, it has been used in successive dynasties and then become a system.