What is the origin of Xiaoman solar term? What are the customs of Xiaoman solar term
4hw.com.cn: today is May 21, 2018. It's the online Valentine's day as it is said on the Internet. It's also our small full solar term. What are the origins and customs of Xiaoman solar term? Come and have a look.
The origin of Xiaoman solar term
Xiaoman is one of the 24 solar terms, the second in summer. From May 20 to 22 every year, when the sun reaches 60 DEG; of the Yellow path, it is Xiaoman. "The moon makes seventy-two waiting for the solution": "in April, the small man, the things caused by this small full. 'at this time, the grains of summer crops such as wheat in the north of China have begun to be full, but they have not yet matured, which is about the late stage of milk ripening, so it is called Xiaoman. The agricultural proverb in the south gives Xiaoman a new moral meaning: 'Xiaoman is dissatisfied with the work and breaks the thinking bank'; 'Xiaoman is dissatisfied with the work and doesn't care about the grain in the field'. The term "full" is used to describe the surplus and shortage of rain water. It is pointed out that if the field is not full of water when Xiaoman is small, it may cause the ridge to dry and crack, and even rice can not be planted when it is planted in the grain.
From the perspective of climate characteristics, from Xiaoman solar term to the next solar term, summer is gradually entering all over the country, the temperature difference between North and south is further reduced, and the precipitation is further increased. After Xiaoman, there began to be high temperature weather above 35 ℃ from the south of the Yellow River to the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River. At this time, when diseases are easy to occur, people should pay special attention to the body's recuperation in addition to heatstroke prevention and cooling, and enhance their disease resistance.
The custom of Xiaoman solar term
Custom of Xiaoman solar term: snatching water
In the old days, water drainage and irrigation by waterwheel was a major event in the countryside. As the saying goes, "Xiaoman drives three cars (three cars refer to silk car, oil car and water car).". "The waterwheel starts at Xiaoman. Before that, farmers held a ceremony of "grabbing water" with village polder as the unit, which was held in Haining area and meant to exercise. Most of the elderly deacons gathered with each household to determine the date and arrange the preparation. At dawn, they set out in groups, lit torches to eat wheat cakes, wheat cakes and wheat balls on the basis of the waterwheel. The deacons took drums and gongs as their names, and the groups made peace with each other with hammers. They set foot on the waterwheel that had been installed in advance on the small river Han, and dozens of them set foot together, leading the river into the field until the river was clear.
Custom of Xiaoman solar term: sacrifice to three gods
Xiaoman has a custom in our history called sacrifice three carts, which three carts are called water carts, ox carts and silk carts.
What's the name of the water chariot God? It's said that the "chariot God" is a white dragon. In front of the water chariot, the farmers place fish and incense candles on the car base for worship. The special thing is that there is a cup of white water in the sacrifice, which is poured into the field during the sacrifice. It means to wish the water source to flourish. The above old customs show that farmers attach importance to water conservancy drainage and irrigation.
In the south of the Yangtze River, there is a saying that "Xiaoman moves three cars". It is the image summary of Xiaoman farming in the south of the Yangtze River. The so-called "three wheels" are water wheel, spinning wheel and oil wheel. In the agricultural proverb, "man" refers to the abundance of rainwater. Xiaoman is the time for early rice dressing and medium rice transplanting in the south of the Yangtze River. If the field is not full of water, it will cause the ridge of the field to dry and crack, which will affect the harvest of crops. Therefore, in the dry year, people will consider early and arrange skillfully to drive the water truck to irrigate the paddy field by manpower or livestock. In the past, walking beside the paddy field in the remote ancient town of Jiangnan, we often saw the water buffalo cover their eyes and turn the wooden cart plate of the water truck to drive the keel water truck to lift water, or the human feet alternate to lift water by bicycle.
The custom of Xiaoman solar term: the birthday of silkworm God
Xiaoman Festival is said to be the birthday of silkworm God, so on this day, Jiangsu and Zhejiang, which are famous for sericulture, are also very busy. Xiaoman Festival is in the early summer when the cocoons are formed. They are waiting to be picked and reeled. Planting mulberry and sericulture are the traditional sideline business in the rural areas of Jiangnan. The whole body of the silkworm is the treasure and the source of the villagers' home food. People are full of gratitude for it. So the festival is full of rich silk folk customs.
According to records, in 1827, Xianchan temple was built in Shengze silk industry office in the south of the Yangtze River. The theater building was built in the temple. The side of the building was a box building (equivalent to the box of the theater). The stone slab square under the platform could accommodate thousands of people to watch the opera. The three days before and after Xiaoman was funded by the silk industry office, and each class was invited to stage to sing the grand opera. However, there is also a taboo in the industry, that is, it is not allowed to stage plays with the plot of illegitimate children and dead people, because 'illegitimate' and & lsquo; & lsquo; death 'are homophones of' silk '. Therefore, the plays played in the three days are auspicious plays repeatedly considered and decided by the directors of the silk industry office.
Xiaoman solar term custom: eating bitter vegetables
The spring breeze blows, the bitter vegetable is long, the wasteland is the granary. Bitter vegetable is one of the earliest wild vegetables eaten by Chinese people. ZhouShu: the day of Xiaoman's bitter dish show. The book of Songs: picking bitterness and picking bitterness, under the first Yang. It is said that Wang Baochuan had been living in the cold kiln for 18 years. In the old society, when the peasants were out of touch in spring, they had to rely on hard work to satisfy their hunger. Bitter vegetables, bitter taste, although against the mouth, win the jejunum. During the Long March, the Red Army used to eat bitter vegetables to satisfy hunger, and passed through many difficulties. There were songs in the Soviet Area of Jiangxi Province: bitter vegetables, yellow flowers, wild vegetables and grain. The red army went to the battlefield to fight bravely. Bittersweet is known as "Red Army dish" and "Long March dish".