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Four ways of death in space how will the death result be terrible!

4hw.org: in recent years, space migration has become a hot topic. However, we have to admit that space migration is still far away from ordinary people, and many people ignore the fact that space is a cold, dark and desolate place of death. Do you know how to die if you fall into space unfortunately Let's have a brain hole. If we fall into space, how will we die!

In recent years, the topic of space colonization has become very popular, but many people have ignored the cruel truth in the process of flying to the moon and Mars: space is actually a cold, barren, unfit place for human survival, and it is possible that you will encounter misfortune when you first go there. Astronauts are aware of this, but for those who aspire to become space tourists, it is necessary to know some of the deadly dangers that space travel may face.

Exposure to vacuum

Let's first analyze the most obvious danger - exposure to a vacuum. When exposed to extremely low pressure space environment, the liquid on the top of skin surface and soft tissue will evaporate immediately, causing bubbles in blood and some serious and terrible swelling. However, the pressure from the skin and circulatory system will keep the inflation within a certain range, so that your body will not explode - a scene that science fiction likes to describe.

A small amount of data from animal studies and human exposure to vacuum suggests that you may be able to stay awake for 9 to 11 seconds and then faint from lack of oxygen. According to NASA, your mouth and nose will quickly cool to the freezing point, and the liquid on your tongue, along with the liquid on the inner surface of your lungs, will also boil quickly.

NASA foresaw the problem, so it developed the space suit, which it called 'extravehicular mobility suit'. EMU is essentially a self-sustaining spacecraft, made of many layers of materials, which can protect astronauts from the threat of vacuum environment, micro meteorites and extreme temperature.

"What's the drawback?" space suits make it harder to move, even on tasks we find easy on earth, "says Brian middlesbury of NASA's Johnson Space Center." the layering of the suit and the pressurization system make every move very laborious, especially the movements of the fingers. '

The next generation of spacesuits will be lighter, more flexible, and have higher technology content. Future EMUs must also be able to cope with new environments and new dangers. Dansbury said: 'the EMU we use now is designed for use in microgravity, which is significantly different from the requirements of working on the surface of Mars. "The current EMU is not yet able to give astronauts the flexibility they need to move around on Mars, such as bending over to pick up rocks or pulling a potato out of the ground. "Mars also has an atmosphere, so the suits used on Mars need to be designed very differently from those used in a vacuum," says dansbury.

If you plan to travel in space before these advanced spacesuits come on the market, you must prepare for the rupture of spacesuits. At present, there is no way to seal the tear or puncture of suits. Once such a situation occurs, astronauts must quickly return to the airlock room before the suits are completely decompressed.

Drowning in space

An important lesson of space travel is that a spacesuit that protects your life may accidentally kill you. On July 16, 2013, Italian astronaut Luca pametano was working outside the international space station. His suit cooling system suddenly failed and began to fill his helmet slowly. According to a detailed blog post by Luca in 2013, he didn't realize the seriousness of the problem at first. He thought that the moisture at the back of the helmet might come from his drinking pipe, or even the sweat from handling heavy spacesuits.

However, the temperature of the liquid in the helmet is too low to be sweat, and Luca did not see any water leaking out of the drinking pipe. He was ordered to stop his spacewalk and return to the airlock immediately. On Luca's way back, the fluid grew, flooding his cheeks and headphones.

What's worse, in order to avoid an antenna blocked in the return route, Luca was forced to change direction, causing the liquid to submerge his nose, making his breathing more difficult. As the sun turned to the back of the earth, his surroundings became pitch black. He lost his sense of direction and was unable to determine the route back to the airlock. At this darkest moment, Luca even considered opening a safety valve on his helmet to drain the water into space.

Fortunately, the end of the story is satisfactory, and the safety valve has not been opened. Luca follows the safety cable back to the hatch, where he waits for fellow Christopher Middleton Cassidy to help him re pressurize his suit. Luca concluded: 'space is a grim, cold frontier, and we are explorers, not colonists. Our engineers, and the technology around us, make everything seem simple, but it's not. Maybe we forget that sometimes. Better not forget. '

Encounter orbital debris

The international space station (ISS) has been in good condition since 1998. However, the health of the international space station, as well as the health of its crew, is facing an increasing threat from orbital debris.

The international space station is protected by hundreds of meteoroids and orbital debris defense systems. It is the most well defended spacecraft in earth orbit. Although it can withstand small dust particles, these defense systems can't withstand the impact of a large piece of space junk.

The ISS's key systems, the habitation and pressure chambers, are the best protected, but they can still be seriously damaged by a piece of space debris larger than a centimeter in diameter. According to the estimation of the statistical model, there are about 29000 pieces of space debris with a diameter of more than 10 cm in earth orbit, while there are about 750000 pieces of debris with a diameter of 1 to 10 cm. Some of these debris travel around the earth at speeds of more than 28000 kilometers per hour. At this speed, even very small pieces can bring powerful impact.

Although the number of debris in low earth orbit is growing, scenes like those in the movie gravity are hard to come by. Thanks to the advanced early warning system on the international space station.

The U.S. space surveillance network routinely monitors large pieces of space debris. If the probability of dangerous debris entering one kilometer around the International Space Station reaches one thousandth, the station will temporarily transfer to a higher orbit with the help of the docked Soyuz spacecraft. This happens about once a year.

Up to now, the international space station has not been seriously damaged by debris impact, but in order to prevent this kind of situation, the crew will carry out regular decompression operations. During these exercises, astronauts try to identify and seal simulated leaks. If there is a fatal rupture of the space station, the crew will move directly to the Soyuz and return to earth.

Microgravity and radiation all the time

If you are an astronaut, when you return to the surface of the earth in the Soyuz spacecraft, you may feel that the danger has passed and you can celebrate the victory.

Wrong! In fact, scientists are far from fully understanding the long-term effects of microgravity on the human body. On the other hand, we already know that microgravity can bring some unpleasant negative effects. "Microgravity can damage human physiological functions, mainly because the body feels different forces in space than on earth," said Joseph C, director of Stanford Institute of cardiovascular research.

Wu said: 'floating or stretching yourself in space doesn't need to be as strong as on the ground, because there's no gravity in space against your movements. This can lead to one of the most serious side effects of long-term space flight: severe osteoporosis. '

'another side effect of microgravity is severe muscle loss,' Joseph C Wu added: 'like bones, muscle tissue breaks down when you can't exercise by gravity. Wu is currently analyzing cell samples returned to earth after exposure to low earth orbit to study the effects of microgravity on cardiovascular physiology and pathophysiology. In earth orbit, the heart doesn't have to work very hard to move blood around. Like any muscle that is not used often, the heart shrinks in this case and becomes more spherical.

The damage of microgravity to astronauts' health is also reflected in other aspects, not limited to the degradation of bones and muscles. In low gravity environments, body fluids also exhibit different characteristics and can cause a range of problems, including distortion of the back of the eye - which can eventually lead to severe blurring of the field of vision. The long-term effects of space travel may be more damaging, according to a 2017 NASA funded study.

By transplanting human stem cells into mice, a team of scientists at Wake Forest Institute of regenerative medicine in the United States simulated the deep space radiation during a three-year trip to Mars, about 230 million kilometers. The researchers found that long space travel could not only weaken the astronauts' immune system, but also lead to a significant increase in genetic damage that causes leukemia.

There are few cases in which human life is in danger in space. With the rapid development of science and technology, the existence of human beings in space has become relatively safe (at least the first impression). However, the reality is that life may fall out of space by accident. The astronauts knew this, and then went to space without hesitation. We should respect those who risk their lives to expand the boundaries of human science, and then bear in mind the motto of the international space station: leave the earth for the sake of the earth.