How does the cherry blossom come from? Is it Japanese?
4hw.com.cn: in March every year, the cherry blossom scene of Wuda is open. As a famous cherry blossom viewing area in China, Wuda attracts a large number of tourists to watch it every year. Do you know how the cherry blossom comes? Why is Wuda cherry so famous? Let's have a look.
In the 1930s, the newly founded national Wuhan University built a large scale in Luojia mountain, which gradually turned this wild mountain with many stones and graves into the most beautiful university campus in the world. After 9 years of afforestation, Luojia mountain has become the best botanical garden in Central China with luxuriant trees and flowers. Guo Moruo praised it as the "peach garden outside things" in three towns of Wuhan. However, at a time when the momentum of development of Wuda is booming, the Japanese invaders launched an all-round war of aggression against China, the Chinese army has been defeated steadily, and half of the rivers and mountains have quickly fallen into enemy hands. By the beginning of 1938, the situation in Wuhan was tight, and Wuhan University was in danger. At this time, Guo Moruo came to Wuhan to carry out Anti Japanese propaganda work and lived in Luojia mountain at the end of April. At this time, in order to avoid the war, Wuda is moving west to his hometown, Leshan, Sichuan. At the end of October, three towns of Wuhan were occupied, and Luojia mountain campus of Wuda was occupied by Japanese troops.
Later, Guo Moruo wrote in his memoir "hongboqu":
"There are also the best air defense equipment in this university area. There are air defense holes cut by mountains. They are deep and large, and there are also anti-aircraft gun positions around. But it has not been bombed once. The enemy should know that this is an officer training regiment, with senior personnel concentrated, but it has never dropped a bullet. Although it was bombed so frequently for Wuchang City, every time the enemy plane's route would pass over the university area.
At that time, we made a conjecture: no doubt the enemy cherished this place and wanted to keep it completely so that he could enjoy it.
'that's a guess, and then it's a guess. After occupying Wuhan, the enemy took the University District as its headquarters. '
In fact, on October 24, 1938, on the eve of the Japanese occupation of Wuhan, Hata JunLiu (a class a war criminal sentenced to life imprisonment after the war), the command post in front of the Japanese troops dispatched to Huazhong, Jiujiang, issued the precautions for his troops to occupy Wuhan and enter the city, among which item 11 stipulated: 'the buildings, temples, universities, libraries of Hankou, Hanyang and Wuchang must be protected Museums (see Schedule). In this schedule, the name of "Wuhan University" is clearly listed. Item 12 also pointed out: 'Wuhan has concessions and embassies from all countries, and our army's every move has attracted the world's attention. Therefore, it's a good time to publicize Huangwei and make it understand the real posture of the Royal Army. Therefore, everyone should be careful about this, and in view of the lessons of the past, to prevent relaxation due to the long time. Moreover, Wuhan will be the base of our army's long-term Garrison and operations in the future. All buildings and facilities must not be damaged. "It can be seen that the Japanese army did not carry out similar mass massacres after occupying Wuhan due to the huge pressure of international public opinion aroused by the" lessons from the past "such as Nanjing Massacre. For the purpose of self enjoyment, the Japanese army indeed turned Luojia mountain campus of Wuhan University into its original headquarters.
As early as July 1938, when Wang Xinggong, President of Wuda, and Yang duanliu, chairman of the school moving Committee, led the last group of teachers and students to leave Luojia mountain, they entrusted five faculty members headed by Mr. Tang Zibing (also known as Tang Shanghao) to stay at the school. Tang Shanghao graduated from the Department of economics of Wuhan University in 1934, and then went to Japan for further study; after the outbreak of the Anti Japanese war in 1937, he returned home with his Japanese wife, Suzuki photon, and returned to school to teach; after the victory of the Anti Japanese War, he went to Taiwan to participate in receiving work, and then he moved to teach in various colleges and universities in Taipei; in 1979, he settled in the United States and died in 1997. In May 1985, Mr. Tang returned to LUOJIASHAN alma mater where he had been away for many years for a visit. During the visit, Mr. Liu Yigang, who was in charge of the reception of the Alumni Association, entrusted Mr. Zhang Peigang, who was accompanied by Mr. Tang, to ask about the origin of cherry trees in the campus of Wuda, and asked Tang Xiansheng to write an article about it. A few months after returning to the United States, Mr. Tang sent a "memory of returning home to visit Luojia's alma mater Wuda in 1985", describing the history in detail, making up for the lack of historical facts of Luojia mountain during the Anti Japanese war with the valuable materials of the parties' personal experience.
Mr. Tang recalled that on the eve of Wu Da's move to the west, President Wang and Duan Liushi were well versed in Japanese, and were assigned to three members of the general affairs department and one member of the Secretariat. All five of his colleagues were assigned to stay in Wuhan. To insist on no permission again and again is to stay behind strictly. It is said that in the case of national calamity, to preserve part of the school buildings that are hard to create is to retain part of the great vitality of the country. Sincere love words, to be in danger and to be ordered '. On the eve of the fall of Wuhan, Tang Shanghao and other people escaped into the French concession in Hankou, and were arrested. Suzuki eventually came to rescue them as a Japanese woman. A month later, through Suzuki's contact, the five of them were able to go to Luojia mountain to have a look at the campus. When Tang arrived at the University, he found that 'a Japanese army team is stationed in the campus, and the team department is located in the school of Arts'. After meeting the leader of the team, who remembers the chief of the chieftain wasteland (equivalent to the head of the colonel in China), he introduced his identity and purpose (supplemented by Suzuki from time to time). The main idea is that the Japanese army entered China this time in order to seek the same kind of Chinese and Japanese, and to coexist and prosper Copy the propaganda tone of the Japanese aggressors), not to the Chinese people and cultural relics as the enemy (the Japanese army repeatedly touted this point). National Wuhan University is the highest institution in Central China, which promotes Chinese culture and academic development. This is similar to the purpose of serving the country of the imperial universities of Japan. In the future, it can greatly help each other in the academic circle to play the role of Oriental Culture in leading the world. Although the teachers and students of Wuda have moved, the magnificent buildings and some teaching facilities left in the resort are the essence of China and the crystallization of people's sweat. In order to preserve the beautiful lakes and mountains and the fine cultural relics of China, we must ask for a Book of goodwill and good maintenance, so as to promote the military virtue of the Royal Army. Up to now, there are no more than a thousand officers and soldiers in the expensive Union. There are many barracks (such as left flag and right flag) in the city. Could you adjust and transfer some school buildings one after another to protect the original appearance of yunyun '.
'the first thing the wasteland hears about is that the conquering country can treat the goods of the defeated country as spoils of war and can deal with them freely, but the buildings can be treated differently. All the books and instruments in your school have been removed early, and there is no longer anything for you to remember. However, in order to sympathize with you and others, you can consider to list the 15 dormitories from huangzhichen of Tiandi yuan to Zhangzhi. Most of the officers and soldiers in the students' dormitories will be transferred to the city first, and most of them will be vacated. To Yuwen, Polytechnic and polytechnic colleges have been used by a large number of civilian personnel dispatched from central China. The professor's dormitories are all occupied by senior officials and can be carefully maintained. As for the dining room upstairs and downstairs, it is now a field hospital, which is inconvenient for him to move. In a word, the imperial army has no intention of destroying the non military facilities that are not resistant. Especially for the plants and trees on the campus of this high-level university, you can rest assured that you will take good care of them. Take a look on the spot? However, due to frequent troop movements, I can leave a message when I am in the room, and the receiver should pay attention to it. At that time, you can come back to visit cloud '.
Tang Shanghao then drove around the campus. In the back of the mountain professor's dormitory, 'only one or two soldiers were in and out of each door', 'and then to the affiliated middle school, he saw a large number of military vehicles, which had been the vehicle dispatching yard. To the original post office, it has been a stable. The original indoor sports room downstairs has become an officer's club. The great lake and mountain, not long ago, were the places where stringed songs were preached and taught. Suddenly, they became the place where Liuying was militarized, and they sighed that they had been killed! '
A few months later, Tang Shanghao heard that Luojiashan garrison had changed its guard, so he went back to visit with the original class. The audience was a civilian military officer, major general Gaoqiao. Due to the reduction of garrison, the campus has become a logistics area, and his attitude is relatively friendly. It is said that this beautiful cultural area, which is more beautiful than Japan's sunshine and Hakone, should be protected as much as possible. However, in the bright spring, we still lack flowers and trees to embellish. We can plant cherry blossoms here from Japan to enhance our mood. Before being introduced to the school of Arts, it refers to the place where cherry trees will be planted '. Tang Shanghao was dissatisfied with this, but he could not oppose it publicly, so he pointed out that: 'plum blossom can be planted at the same time, because Chinese people love plum blossom very much. But Takahashi replied: 'cherry seedlings are easy to get, and plum seeds are hard to find. Next year, you can come here today to enjoy cherry trees. 'this actually negates Tang's opinion.
From Mr. Tang's above recollections, we can infer that the earliest time that the Japanese army brought in cherry trees from their own country to plant on the campus of Wuda was in 1939. It is generally believed that the Japanese army's main purpose in planting cherry blossoms here is to ease the homesickness of a large number of Japanese wounded soldiers who live here for rest. At the same time, it also means to show off their martial arts and occupy for a long time. Therefore, the first batch of cherry blossoms in Luojia mountain can be said to be the evidence of Japan's invasion of China and the symbol of national humiliation; it is also the origin of today's Wuda cherry blossom.
According to the memory of the old generation of garden workers of Wuda who stayed at the campus at that time, there were no more than 30 Japanese cherry trees planted by the Japanese army in Wuda, mainly distributed on today's Sakura Avenue. After the victory of the Anti Japanese War, Wuda returned to Luojia mountain in October 1946. In March 1947, teachers and students of the Department of biology of Wuda observed that there were 28 cherry trees blooming in the campus, and they were evenly distributed in front of four gatehouses (7 in front of each gate) between the three arches of laozhaishe. By the beginning of 1949, it was suggested that cherry trees should be cut down. At that time, Zhang Fu, the commander of the National Army stationed in Wuhan, was rebelled by the Communist Party of China's underground party. After his devotion in March, he said that Wuhan University is a treasure house, and all plants and trees in it should be preserved, so the cherry trees can be preserved.
In 1957, the competent department of Wuhan University renewed these cherry trees. In 1973, Wuda farm introduced a batch of cherry trees from Shanghai and renewed the aged cherry trees. Because the life cycle of cherry trees is very short, generally only 20 or 30 years. The first batch of Japanese cherry trees planted by the Japanese in 1939 were basically dead when they were renewed in the 1950s. Therefore, the Japanese cherry trees we see on the Sakura avenue of Wuda today are far from the ones left by the Japanese army, but mostly the second and third generations of the original ones. In the past 20 years, the garden workers of Wuda have continued to replant them.
It has been more than 30 years since cherry blossom of Japan came to Luojia mountain again. But this time it is not the mark of national humiliation, but the symbol of peace and friendship. In 1972, with the normalization of diplomatic relations between China and Japan, Japanese Prime Minister Kazuo Tanaka paid a visit to China and presented 1000 big cherry trees to Premier Zhou Enlai. More than 800 of them stayed in Beijing and were planted in several parks in the capital, such as Yuyuantan, botanical garden and Taoranting (although they were well cared for, most of them still died). 100 of them were planted in the new Meiyuan Village in Nanjing where Zhou Enlai once lived He also lived in Wuhan University, so the central authorities transferred 50 of them to Wuhan University, which was planted in banshanlu by the Department of landscape architecture, and bloomed in 1976. On January 15, 1983, in order to commemorate the 10th anniversary of the friendship between China and Japan, Japan's Friendship Association in Kyoto and Japan's west front weaving plant