Original title: official announcement of the Ministry of Education: 985 / 211 has become a historical source: Global Technology
For a long time, the standards of good universities in the eyes of college entrance examination students, parents and teachers were '985' and '211'. There are also many candidates and parents asking: do you still retain the title of 985 and 211 Project universities? What is the relationship between 985 and 211 Project universities and 'double first-class' universities? Recently, the Ministry of education made an official reply to this question:
From the website of the Ministry of Education: is the list of 985 engineering schools published on December 6, 2006 and the list of 211 Engineering Schools published on December 23, 2005 the latest? Will the list of 985 and 211 schools change? I noticed that there are three schools in the 211 school list that are not in the 2019 national list of ordinary colleges and universities. What does it mean?
The Ministry of education replied: "the '985 project' was launched in 1998, supporting 39 universities to carry out key construction in combination with the national innovation system." The 211 project was launched in '1993. A total of 112 colleges and universities have been included in the construction scope, and all colleges and universities belong to national ordinary colleges and universities. The '211 Project' and '985 project' and other key construction projects have been coordinated as a 'double first-class' construction.
From the reply of the Ministry of education, we can read three messages:
The list of 1.985 and 211 universities will not change any more. As former construction projects, they have completed their historical mission.
2.985 project and 211 project will not be mentioned and implemented in the future, because they have been coordinated (replaced) by the "double first-class" construction.
3. In the future, the standards for good universities and majors recognized by the state are very clear, that is, to build "double first-class" universities. College entrance examination enrollment, will only emphasize 'double first-class', no longer mention 985 / 211.
For example, in the official release on the admission of a batch of undergraduate enrollment of ordinary colleges and universities in 2019 introduced by Henan Province, Henan recruitment office pointed out that the "double first-class" construction colleges and universities and the colleges and universities approved to participate in the batch of undergraduate enrollment participated in this batch. This shows that Henan, as the largest province of candidates, has clearly replaced the previous 211 and 985 with the concept of "double first-class" construction of colleges and universities!
Characteristics of 42 "first-class universities"
Class A
1. Peking University: science is the most powerful, some liberal arts are the most powerful, and medicine is also in the leading position; Comprehensive university comes first.
2. Renmin University of China: the first university of liberal arts, with economics, law, sociology, journalism and communication in the first place.
3. Tsinghua University: engineering comes first, and the strength of Engineering far exceeds that of other universities; Management and biology are also in a leading position.
4. Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics: aerospace science comes first. The admission score in recent years is indeed high. The disciplines of Instrument Science, computer and software are also very strong.
5. Beijing University of Technology: strong engineering strength, one of the seven sons of national defense. Weapons discipline ranks first.
6. China Agricultural University: the overlord of agricultural universities with great advantages. One of the double first-class winners, 9 disciplines were shortlisted as first-class disciplines.
7. Beijing Normal University: the first normal university, a traditional famous university with a high status. Geography, psychology, pedagogy, Chinese language and literature ranked first.
8. Central University for Nationalities: University for nationalities, first in ethnology. There are no other strong disciplines and majors.
9. Nankai University: a famous traditional school, which is very good in mathematics, chemistry, statistics and world history.
10. Tianjin University: the first modern university. It is a giant in engineering. The disciplines of engineering are relatively balanced, chemical industry is the first, and management is also very strong.
11. Dalian University of Technology: the third in Northeast China; One of the original four engineering colleges, the overall strength of engineering is good. It has advantages in chemical industry and mechanics.
12. Jilin University: after the merger of colleges and universities, the school running scale is large. Its strength ranks among the top three in Northeast China, and its disciplines such as mathematics, physics, chemistry and materials are good.
13. Harbin University of Technology: C9 member, the first university in Northeast China, with high national status, once the second engineering major, and most engineering majors are very strong.
14. Fudan University: basically a weakened version of Peking University, with strong strength in liberal arts and science, general strength in engineering, and the second comprehensive university.
15. Tongji University: a famous school of engineering, ranking third in Shanghai in terms of comprehensive strength. Civil engineering ranks first in China, and the discipline advantages of architecture and environment are also obvious.
16. Shanghai Jiaotong University: the top three in engineering in China and the first echelon in medicine, biology and other disciplines.
17. East China Normal University: the second normal university, with good liberal arts and science. Double first-class, average performance, and three first-class disciplines were selected.
18. Nanjing University: Nanjing University is a powerful University in science. Geology, astronomy, physics, chemistry and biology are among the top in China.
19. Southeast University: it was the first of the four engineering colleges, with strong engineering strength. The number of double first-class winners and 11 first-class disciplines reached the top ten in one fell swoop.
20. Zhejiang University: both engineering and agronomy have strong strength, large scale and strong development momentum;
21. University of science and technology of China: small enrollment scale and solid style of study; Science giant cattle, physics and other disciplines leading; It has several national laboratories.
22. Xiamen University: beautiful campus scenery; The majors of marine science, statistics and economic management are very good.
23. Shandong University: it has a large scale and is the first university in Shandong. There are only two first-class disciplines this time.
24. Ocean University of China: with the same name, the strength of ocean discipline is strong. It is classified as class A in the double first-class, which is a good performance.
25. Wuhan University: it has developed rapidly and generally prefers liberal arts. Marxist theory, surveying and mapping, geophysics and other disciplines rank first in China.
26. Huazhong University of science and technology: Engineering and medicine are very strong, which is equivalent to the strength of Wuhan University in the same city. Mechanical, electrical, materials, power, medicine and other disciplines rank at the forefront.
27. Central South University: the first university in Hunan, leading in medicine, materials, metallurgy and other disciplines in China.
28. Sun Yat sen University: the first university in South China, with rapid development. The strength is relatively balanced, and 11 disciplines are selected as double first-class, which is one of the winners.
29. South China University of Technology: it is also one of the four major engineering colleges with good development momentum. Light industry has great advantages. Chemistry and materials are also very good.
30. Sichuan University: it has a huge school scale and ranks first in Southwest China in terms of comprehensive strength. With strong medical strength, stomatology ranks first in China; Math and chemistry are also good.
31. Chongqing University: the comprehensive strength is good. There are only three first-class disciplines among the double first-class losers this time, all of which are 'self-determined'.
32. University of Electronic Science and technology: in the original two e-mails and one mail, the University of Electronic Science and technology has a great advantage with the development of 985. Electronic Science and communication are leading.
33. Xi'an Jiaotong University: the successor of the old Jiaotong University, ranked among the top five in China in the 1980s. At present, mechanical, dynamic, electrical and management disciplines are still strong.
34. Northwestern Polytechnic University: excellent in aviation, aerospace and navigation, and excellent materials. The double first-class performance was not ideal, only two disciplines were selected, and aerospace was not selected.
35. Lanzhou University: recognized as the most aggrieved University, the brain drain and the decline in the quality of students seriously affect the development. But the strength is very good and the social evaluation is very high.
36. University of national defense science and technology: the first university in the military, mysterious and powerful, with obvious advantages in disciplines such as computer and software engineering.
Class B
1. Northeast University: a very aggrieved school with strong engineering is classified as class B of a first-class university!
2. Zhengzhou University: the original 211 mid-range universities have been successfully promoted to the list of 42 first-class universities. Congratulations. Chemistry, medicine and materials are relatively strong.
3. Hunan University: similarly wronged, it was ruthlessly classified as class B of a first-class university. Chemical, mechanical and civil engineering disciplines are very strong.
4. Yunnan University: I also congratulate Yunnan University on its promotion to the list of 42 first-class universities. Ethnology and ecology are very good.
5. Northwest University of agriculture and forestry science and technology: due to limited disciplines and regions, the enrollment score of Xinong has been low. However, agronomy is more powerful, and this time it has been ruthlessly classified as class B of a first-class university.
6. Xinjiang University: after Xinjiang University entered the list of 42 first-class universities, its development ushered in a new stage. Chemistry, computer and other majors are good.
What is the difference between 985 / 211 and 'double first class'?
Difference 1: 985 / 211 focuses on the evaluation of universities and 'double first-class' focuses on the evaluation of disciplines
Both the 39 universities of the '985 project' (including the University of national defense science and Technology) and the more than 100 universities of the '211 Project' are based on the overall evaluation of the comprehensive strength of the University. Although there have been previous assessments of national key primary and secondary disciplines, the society's overall cognition of a university still only depends on the 'brand' rather than the disciplines, which has little impact.
The 'first-class university building universities' and' first-class discipline building universities' first have a list of 'first-class discipline building universities' (137), and then select' first-class university building universities' (42) on this basis. In other words, first look at whether a university has several strong disciplines (majors), and then evaluate the strength of a university mainly according to the comprehensive strength of the disciplines.
Difference 2: 985 is the 'upgraded version' of 211 (211 includes 985), and there is no cross between 'double first-class'
If 211 is the key class, 985 is the key class in the key class. " 985 engineering universities are directly managed by the Ministry of education or other central ministries and commissions, also known as subordinate universities; In addition to 985, most of the '211 Project' universities are jointly built by provinces and ministries, with stronger local attributes. But 985 universities are 211 universities.
"Double first-class" is two parallel evaluation systems. " Building a first-class university 'focuses on the overall construction and key construction of the University on the basis of first-class disciplines, comprehensively improving the talent training level and innovation ability, with a total of 42 universities, and 3 new universities on the basis of the original 39 985 universities.
'first class discipline construction universities' focus on the construction of advantageous disciplines and promote the development of characteristics, with a total of 95 universities. In addition to most of the previous' non-985 '211 universities, 26 universities with obvious characteristics have been added--
Difference 3: 985 / 211 is a solidified label, and 'double first-class' is in and out
The list of 985 / 211 universities has been determined for nearly 20 years. These two projects have played a great role in promoting the development of higher education in China. However, the defects are obvious to all. Many non-985 / 211 universities are developing rapidly, but subject to the label of "non key" and "non subordinate", the school's school running strength is not recognized by the society. Many places and universities are dissatisfied with this.
The 'double first-class' is a dynamic construction process, and the selection and identification is not once and for all. The Ministry of education clearly puts forward that the "double first-class" construction is based on disciplines, the construction process is dynamically monitored, and according to the evaluation results, we will increase support for those with strong implementation, good progress and obvious results; Give warning and reduce support for those with weak implementation, slow progress and lack of effectiveness. For universities and disciplines that have major problems in the construction process, no longer meet the construction conditions and still have no improvement after warning and rectification, the construction scope shall be adjusted in time. At the end of the construction period, the scope of the next round of construction will be redefined according to the evaluation results at the end of the period. There will be in and out, breaking the identity solidification and not lifelong system!
'double first class': a new goal for high school students
It is revealed that at present, there are 137 "double first-class" (world-class universities and world-class discipline construction universities), and the number of students enrolled in the college entrance examination is about 377000 per year, accounting for about 4.7% of the total enrollment in China. Among them, the number of people entering 'double first-class' colleges and universities through various special plans is about 37000, accounting for about 10% of the total enrollment of all' double first-class' colleges and universities. (data source: sponsored by the school of education of Renmin University of China, Ministry of Education - education development and public administration of Renmin University of China)