How to prevent heatstroke in summer
Four seas net: summer is hot, hot and sultry weather is easy to cause heatstroke, heatstroke is a kind of acute disease that human body function appears heat balance disorder under long-term high-temperature heat radiation, so how to prevent heatstroke and sunscreen in summer? What are some tips for heatstroke prevention in summer? Let's have a look!
I. General knowledge of heatstroke prevention
1. Travel to avoid the sun
When you go out in summer, remember to prepare sunscreen. You'd better not walk in the hot sun from 10:00 to 16:00. When you go out, you should do a good job of protection, such as playing sunshade umbrella, wearing sunshade hat, and preparing enough water. When you go out, you should choose cotton, hemp and silk fabrics, and you should wear less chemical fiber clothing, so as not to lose heat in time when you sweat a lot, causing heatstroke. Slow down when you are doing outdoor activities.
2. Don't wait for thirst to drink
Don't wait for thirsty to drink water, because thirsty already means that the body is short of water. Ideally, drink 1.5 to 2 liters of water a day, depending on the temperature. You can drink warm boiled water with light salt and some diluted electrolyte drinks.
3, diet
Vegetables eaten in summer, such as cucumbers and tomatoes, have a high water content; fresh fruits, such as peaches, watermelons and so on, have a water content of 80% to 90%, which can be used to supplement water. In addition, dairy products can not only supplement water, but also meet the nutritional needs of the body.
4. Keep enough sleep
In summer, long days and short nights, high temperature, vigorous metabolism of human body, easy to feel tired. Sufficient sleep can relax brain and body systems. The best time to go to bed is 22-23, and the best time to get up is 5:30-6:30. When sleeping, don't lie under the air outlet and electric fan of the air conditioner, so as to avoid air conditioning disease and hot cold.
5. Beware of heat stroke
The continuous high temperature weather in summer makes people upset, angry, depressed, inappetence, etc. The manifestations of 'emotional heatstroke' include: being particularly careless; being unable to get up to work, easily excited or depressed, etc.
2. Performance of heatstroke
1. Early signs of heatstroke:
① under high temperature environment, there are symptoms such as headache, dizziness, thirst, hyperhidrosis, weakness and acid of limbs, inattention, uncoordinated movement, etc;
② the body temperature is normal or slightly increased;
③ if it is transferred to a cool and ventilated place in time, it can be recovered in a short time by adding water and salt.
2. Mild heatstroke:
① the body temperature is often above 38 ℃;
(2) in addition to dizziness and thirst, there are often manifestations such as flush complexion, sweating, burning skin, etc., or manifestations such as cold and wet limbs, pale complexion, decreased blood pressure, and increased pulse;
③ if it is handled in time, it can be recovered within several hours.
3. Severe heatstroke:
It is one of the most serious cases of heatstroke. If not treated in time, life will be endangered. This kind of heat stroke can be divided into four types: heat spasm, heat exhaustion, solar radiation disease and heat radiation disease.
(1) characteristics of heat spasm: most of them are caused by sweating and thirst, drinking too much water and insufficient salt supplement, resulting in the rapid and obvious decrease of sodium chloride concentration in blood. This kind of heat stroke occurs when the muscles will suddenly appear paroxysmal spasm pain.
② symptoms and characteristics of heat failure: this kind of heat stroke often occurs in the elderly and those who can not adapt to high temperature for a while. The main symptoms were dizziness, headache and panic, thirst, nausea, vomiting, cold and wet skin, decreased blood pressure, syncope or confusion. The temperature is normal or slightly high at this time.
(3) symptoms and features of sunstroke: the cause of this kind of heatstroke is just like its name, because under the direct sun exposure, strong sunlight penetrates the skin of the head and the skull, causing brain cell damage, and then causing congestion and edema of brain tissue; because the main injury is the head, the first discomfort is severe headache, nausea and vomiting, restlessness, and then Coma and convulsion may occur.
④ symptoms and characteristics of heat radiation disease: there are still some people who have been engaged in physical labor for a long time in high temperature environment, and their body produces too much heat, but their heat dissipation is insufficient, which leads to a sharp rise in body temperature. In the early stage of the disease, there was a large amount of cold sweat, followed by no sweat, shallow and fast breath, fine pulse, restlessness, vague mind, decreased blood pressure, and gradually developed into coma with limb convulsion; in severe cases, brain edema, pulmonary edema, heart failure, etc.
3. Treatment of heatstroke
Patients should be quickly transferred to a cool and ventilated place to rest and drink cold saltwater and other drinks to supplement the loss of salt and water. If there is peripheral circulatory failure, normal saline, glucose solution and potassium chloride should be supplied intravenously.
1. Physical cooling
Immerse the patient in a 4 ℃ water bath, massage the skin of the extremities, expand the blood vessels of the skin and accelerate the blood circulation. Measure the anal temperature at any time. When the anal temperature is reduced to 38.5 ℃, stop cooling temporarily and transfer it to the environment below 25 ℃ for further observation. If the body temperature rises, immediately wipe the bath with 4 ℃ water or 11 ℃ cold water, add a fan to blow, or place an ice bag on the head, armpit and groin to prevent the body temperature from rising. The latter method is also suitable for the patients who can not tolerate 4 ℃ bath, coma, old age, weakness and cardiovascular disease.
2. Drug cooling
Chlorpromazine has the function of regulating body temperature center, expanding blood vessels, relaxing muscles and reducing oxygen consumption. Chlorpromazine can be infused intravenously and blood pressure can be monitored at the same time. Add 25-50mg to 500ml solution for intravenous drip for 1-2h. Blood pressure was observed during the treatment. When the blood pressure drops, the dropping speed should be slowed down or the medicine should be stopped.
3. Symptomatic treatment
The comatose patients are prone to pulmonary infection and bedsore, so they should strengthen nursing; provide necessary heat and nutrients to promote the recovery of the patients, keep the respiratory tract unblocked, and give oxygen; actively correct the disorder of water and electrolyte, and maintain the acid-base balance; the speed of fluid replenishment should not be too fast, so as to avoid heart failure, and give digitalis preparation with rapid effect; use booster drugs to correct the rest Mannitol dehydration can prevent and treat brain edema. Hormone has a certain effect on the treatment of pulmonary edema and brain edema, but it is easy to be complicated with infection if the dosage is too large. In view of various complications, the corresponding treatment measures were taken.