Once a year's Nobel prize in literature came again, according to the official account of the xjb-waishier, October 6th, how many works will be awarded this year and what works are there? Here is the best view of this year's Nobel prize.
October 7: physiology or Medicine Award; October 8: physics award; October 9: Chemistry Award; October 10: Literature Award; 11 October: Peace Prize; October 14: economics award.
Screenshot of Nobel Prize official website
Literary awards and peace awards are usually the most likely to trigger speculation and controversy, especially this year, because the literary awards will award awards in last year and this year, and the peace awards will reveal whether trump can achieve his wish.
As for science awards, each year's award-winning achievements will stimulate people's interest and enthusiasm in science and drive investment in related fields.
Before this year's first Nobel Prize is awarded, take a look at the highlights of the award.
Literature Award: 'China Kafka' on the top list
The two winners of this year's Literature Prize were announced for the first time in history. Because the selection of the 2018 Nobel literature prize was stopped, the award was postponed to this year.
This special situation occurred because the Swedish Academy responsible for the selection and awarding of Literary Awards was involved in a sexual scandal in 2017. In November 2017, 18 women came forward to testify that French photographer Arnault was suspected of sexual assault and harassment between 1996 and 2017. Some of the incidents occurred in places belonging to the Swedish Academy of Arts. In addition, Arnault also disclosed the names of the winners. Arnault's wife is frostensson, an academician of the Swedish Academy of Arts.
There were great differences in the handling of Arnault's scandal within the Swedish college. Many academicians left one after another. Finally, there were only 10 academicians who could perform their duties normally in the college. Affected by the scandal, the awarding of the 2018 Nobel Prize for literature was postponed to 2019, the first time in 70 years.
On the prediction list of 2019 literature award, Canadian poetess Anne & middot; Carson, Japanese writer Haruki Murakami, Syrian poet Adonis, Kenyan writer nguji & middot; Watt & middot; Tyango, Russian female writer Lyudmila & middot; Ulyskaya and Chinese writer can Xue are popular candidates.
In recent years, every time the Nobel Prize for literature is awarded, 'Haruki Murakami runs with him' will become a hot topic. At the beginning of 2006, Haruki Murakami won Franz middot, known as the prelude to the Nobel Prize for literature, with Kafka by the sea; After the Kafka 'award, the peipaonuo Award for 12 years.
In his autobiographical work my profession is a novelist, Haruki Murakami also wrote: 'for those whose names are awards, from the Academy Awards to the Nobel Prize for literature, except for special awards whose evaluation criteria are limited to numerical values, there is no objective evidence of value at all. If you want to be picky, you can find as many defects as you want; If you want to cherish it, you can't overestimate it. "
This may be Murakami's clear response to the running Nobel Prize.
Canadian poetess Carson has a 5-1 odds on the winner forecast list of British gambling company nicer odds as of April 4; Marys middot, a female writer from Guadeloupe, a French territory; Kong Dai ranked second with a odds ratio of 1 to 6: followed by Haruki Murakami and Chinese female writer can Xue.
Annie & middot; Carson's writing involves poetry, prose, criticism, novels and other forms. He has published many works, such as the bitterness and sweetness of lust, glass, satire and God, red autobiography: poetic novel, night and so on. Michael & middot, author of the British patient; Weng Dajie praised her as "the most exciting poet in the English world today".
Can Xue, a Chinese female writer born in Hunan, is known as the representative of avant-garde literature. Her representative works include cabin on the mountain, Huangni street, old floating clouds, Wuxiang street and so on. Can Xue is one of the most translated and published Chinese female writers abroad. She is also known as' China's Kafka '.
According to Radio France Internationale, Anders & middot, Permanent Secretary of the Swedish Academy of Arts; Olson said that this time he attached importance to the 'coordination' of the two winners, such as' avoiding literature in the same field, or selecting a man and a woman '. The Nobel Prize for literature is also considered to have a tendency to consider regional balance.
Peace Prize: controversial Swedish environmental girl and trump
80 years ago, a member of Sweden's parliament nominated Adolf Hitler as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize, which was subsequently cancelled. In addition, American singer Michael & middot; Jackson was also nominated as a candidate for the peace prize.
The Irish Times commented that it can be seen from the above nominations that there has always been no shortage of absurd and nonsense nominees for the Nobel Peace Prize. This may explain why Swedish environmental protection girl tomberg and US President trump appear in this year's peace prize list.
According to Reuters, tombery, 16, has launched a global climate campaign strike and criticized leaders' inaction on climate change at the United Nations General Assembly, so he has millions of followers around the world. Time Magazine selected tomberry as the top 100 people of time in 2019.
Some environmentalists regard tomberry as the most daring fighter for climate change, while some right-wing critics accuse her of being a "hypocrite" and "playboy".
If tombery wins the prize, it will break the record of malala yousafzai, the winner of the 2014 peace prize, at the age of 19, and become the youngest winner in history. ASLE sveen, a historian who specializes in Nobel prizes, said that awarding Peace Prizes to young people would put a huge burden on them.
US President trump has made no secret of his desire for the Nobel Peace Prize. In February this year, trump revealed in his speech at the White House that Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe submitted a "most beautiful" and "full five pages" letter to the Nobel Prize Committee, nominating himself as a candidate for the Nobel Peace Prize and commending his efforts to realize the denuclearization of North Korea.
With Abe's assistance, trump has become a popular candidate for this year's peace prize. According to CNN reports, trump has repeatedly expressed "resentment" about Obama's award of the Nobel Peace Prize in 2009. Trump said: "they give the award to Obama, and Obama doesn't even know why he won the prize."
In addition, Li Jihao, the widow of former South Korean President Kim Dae-jung, has said that the Korean President Wen moon Jae in the Korean summit is outstanding, and hopes he can win the Nobel peace prize. In this regard, moon Jae in Wen said that if the peace is brought to the Korean Peninsula, the prize should be given to President Trump.
Trump is looking forward to winning the award with the double "blessing" of the heads of state of Japan and South Korea.
Science Awards: gene editing technology is favored
This year's Nobel Prize was first awarded in physiology or medicine. Last year, the award was awarded to two scientists in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Which field is more likely to win this year?
David & middot, chief analyst of Thomson Reuters' citation laureate Award; David pendlebury has successfully predicted many Nobel laureates since 2002. He mainly makes predictions by analyzing the citation of papers written by scientists.
Penderbury told the US biomedical media stat that Hans Clevers, a professor of molecular genetics at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands, is likely to win a physiology or medical award in recognition of his research findings on Wnt signaling pathway.
Jason sheltzer, a professor at the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) in the United States, believes that it is time for gene editing technology to win the prize this year. The winners should include Jennifer a. doudna, a professor of chemistry, molecular biology and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley.
Dudner is one of the inventors of CRISPR CAS 9, a new genome editing technology. As a corresponding author, she once wrote an article calling for a worldwide ban on the use of this technology to give scientists, ethicists and the public time to fully understand the problems surrounding this scientific breakthrough.
For the speculation about the physics award, inside science, a website affiliated to the American Institute of physics, reported that astrophysics has attracted more and more attention in recent years, and the discovery of 'extrasolar planets' orbiting stars outside the sun has become a hot prize winner.
Michelle middot, Honorary Professor, University of Geneva, Switzerland; Major and others first discovered exoplanets in 1995, and then the same types of planets were found continuously. Human cognition of exoplanets in the solar system has made progress.
How was the Nobel Prize selected?
For a long time, people have been curious about the selection rules of the Nobel Prize. According to Nobel's will, in the whole process of selection, the winners are not affected by any nationality, nationality, ideology and religion. The only criterion for selection is the size of achievements.
The physics and chemistry awards are assessed by the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, the physiology or medicine awards are assessed by the Royal Swedish Caroline Medical College, the Literature Awards are assessed by the Swedish Academy of Arts, and the peace awards are elected by the Norwegian Parliament. The economic award is entrusted to the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences. Each awarding unit has a Nobel committee composed of five people, which is responsible for the selection. The committee is held once every three years.
All stages of deliberation and voting are conducted in secret. Generally, Nobel prizes are only given to individuals, with the exception of Peace Prizes, which can also be awarded to institutions. Candidates can only be nominated during their lifetime, but the officially awarded awards can be awarded after their death.
In the history of Nobel Prize, most of the winners are white men, which has aroused controversy about the selection bias. According to a report in the journal Nature, Goran middot, Secretary General of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences and biomedical scientist, was one of the winners of the Nobel Prize for the "imbalance" between gender and race; Hansen said that they have taken measures to improve the imbalance. If this is not enough, the hospital is ready to make more efforts.
However, Hansen stressed that the winner's scientific discoveries must be the most important object of evaluation, otherwise the value of the Nobel Prize will be lowered and will eventually hurt everyone.
Interestingly, the BBC has summarized the general characteristics of Nobel laureates by analyzing the photos and information of Nobel laureates over the years: American married men around the age of 61 do not wear glasses and often shave.
Although such a conclusion may not be reliable, one thing is certain. The United States has always been a big Nobel laureate.