Sihai network

How is the minimum wage set? What are the trends? What's the impact?

in the tailwater wetland park next to the Chengbei sewage treatment plant in Sihong County, Suqian City, Jiangsu Province, water sanitation workers are fishing for floating objects on the water surface. At present, the income of sanitation workers is generally low.

Since this year, Chongqing, Shanghai, Shaanxi and Beijing have successively adjusted the minimum wage standard. On July 24, the Ministry of human resources and Social Security announced the latest national minimum wage standard. Data show that as of June this year, Shanghai led the country with a monthly minimum wage of 2480 yuan / month, and Beijing's hourly wage of 24 yuan / hour was the highest in China.

How is the minimum wage set? Who does it affect? What are the future trends?

Why is the regional gap so large?

--The minimum hourly wage in different regions is more than doubled, and the minimum wage standard in Fujian Province is divided into five grades

The minimum wage standard refers to the minimum labor remuneration that the employer should pay according to law on the premise that the worker provides normal labor during the legal working hours or within the working hours agreed in the labor contract signed according to law.

The minimum wage standards published by the Ministry of human resources and social security include monthly standard and hourly standard. Generally speaking, the monthly minimum wage standard is applicable to full-time employed workers, and the hourly minimum wage standard is applicable to part-time employed workers. When local governments adjust the minimum wage standards, they often adjust these two types of standards at the same time.

Look at the minimum monthly salary -- the data show that the minimum wage standard of 7 provinces and cities in 32 places (31 provinces and Shenzhen, Guangdong Province) has exceeded 2000 yuan / month, followed by 2480 yuan / month in Shanghai, 2200 yuan / month in Shenzhen, 2200 yuan / month in Beijing, 2100 yuan / month in Guangdong, 2050 yuan / month in Tianjin, 2020 yuan / month in Jiangsu and 2010 yuan / month in Zhejiang.

Look at the minimum hourly salary -- the minimum hourly salary in Beijing, Shanghai, Tianjin and Guangdong province exceeds 20 yuan. Beijing leads the country with the lowest hourly salary of 24 yuan / hour, followed by Shanghai with 22 yuan, Tianjin with 20.8 yuan, Guangdong with 20.3 yuan and Shenzhen with 20.3 yuan. The minimum hourly wage in Liaoning Province is only 10.6 yuan, more than double that of Beijing, the region with the highest standard. In addition, Hunan Province (11.6 yuan / hour), Heilongjiang Province (12 yuan / hour) and Yunnan Province (13 yuan / hour) have lower hourly wages.

The great differences in the minimum wage standards in various regions stem from the imbalance of economic development in various regions. According to the provisions on minimum wage implemented by the Ministry of human resources and social security on March 1, 2004, the minimum wage standards throughout the country are obtained on the basis of comprehensively considering the annual living cost level of local residents, the average wage level of employees, the level of economic development, the level of social security and housing accumulation fund paid by employees, the unemployment rate and other factors. Su Hainan, a special researcher of the China labor society, said: "China has a wide range of regions. There are great differences in the level of economic development, price level and income level among various regions, and the minimum wage standards among provinces and regions will naturally vary greatly."

In addition, considering that there is also a large gap in the level of economic development in provinces, regions and cities, many places have further classified the minimum wage standard. In addition to Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tibet Autonomous Region and Qinghai Province, 26 provinces have divided the minimum wage standard into multiple grades. Among them, most provinces are divided into two or three grades. Fujian Province has the largest number of grades. The monthly minimum wage standard of the province is divided into five grades, ranging from 1280 yuan / month to 1700 yuan / month.

Who does the minimum wage affect?

--Security, cleaning and sanitation workers can only get slightly higher wages than the minimum standard

Who is the minimum wage related to?

Su Hainan said: 'large and medium-sized enterprises, state-owned units and foreign-funded enterprises generally do not care much about the minimum wage standard, because their employees' income is generally much higher than the minimum standard. It is mainly concerned by the business owners of some labor-intensive small, medium-sized and micro enterprises, because their profits are relatively thin and their living environment is unstable. If the minimum wage standard is adjusted greatly and frequently, their living pressure will be greater. "

Who's getting the minimum wage?

"The income of workers in middle and low-end posts in the production line is generally equal to or slightly higher than the minimum standard. Including low-end jobs in small and micro enterprises, some labor-intensive medium-sized enterprises and non-public units, such as rough workers, skilled workers, porters, low-end restaurant waiters, community guards, etc. in small and micro labor-intensive enterprises. " Su Hainan said.

The reporter's survey found that, taking Beijing as an example, the wages of cleaning, security, supermarket promoters and room attendants are basically at a slightly higher level of the minimum wage, especially for the posts of food and accommodation. In similar positions, older practitioners, such as security guards and cleaners over the age of 50, often have lower wages.

A notice for sanitation workers on a website in Beijing reads: 'clean the road, men and women are not limited, under the age of 60, 8 hours, 2600 yuan, 5:00 a.m. to 7:00 p.m., with meal time in the middle, 2 days off a month, and 2 people in each dormitory.'

The security guard of a community near Beiyuan Road in Beijing told reporters: 'now many intermediaries will release the information of high salary recruitment of security guards, but in fact, they are all a cover. After they go, it won't be like that. Generally speaking, the maximum salary for an 8-hour job that includes food and accommodation will not exceed 4000 yuan, and it is also common to take about 3000 yuan. "

Aunt song, who is engaged in cleaning work in a public institution in Chaoyang District, Beijing, has a monthly salary only two or three hundred yuan higher than the minimum wage in Beijing. She said: 'it's good to find a job that includes food and accommodation now! This job was introduced by a relative. She saw me idle at home and introduced me. She said that the working environment was good and included accommodation. I signed a one-year labor contract without asking about my salary. I've only been here for less than a month. I really feel very good. I usually have some small benefits and send out some necessities such as rice and oil. " A financial officer of a public institution in Dongcheng District, Beijing told reporters that the cleaning salary of their unit property is basically 3600 yuan to 3880 yuan and 3900 yuan at the front desk. " This money is given to the property company by our unit, and the property company will give less to the individual employees. After all, the minimum wage has just been reached. "

How will it rise in the future?

--Hebei Province has not adjusted the minimum wage for three years, and Beijing has increased by 80 yuan this year

Workers want a steady increase in the minimum wage, but employers' ideas are more complex.

Ms. Chen, a Beijing citizen, said: 'my community property originally hired a gardener to be responsible for the greening and maintenance of the whole community. But because the salary was too low, it was only 1700 yuan a month. He left a month ago. " Ms. Chen said that the property is building express cabinets in the community and putting in commercial advertisements. It must earn a lot of money, but it is unwilling to give the gardener a raise. " They just want to make money. Now there are many weeds in the community garden. The grass has grown to half a meter high and no one cares! " Ms. Chen said.

Su Hainan analyzed: "a few years ago, under the background of oversupply in the labor market, the income of some workers in low-end posts was very low. The purpose of setting the minimum wage is to ensure the basic living needs of these low-income workers and their dependants, so that every worker can work with dignity. " Fu Yifu, a senior analyst at the consumer finance center of Suning Financial Research Institute, believes that from a macro perspective, the increase of the minimum wage standards everywhere can enhance the material guarantee for low-income groups, alleviate the widening income gap, increase the sense of acquisition of residents, improve the income level and purchasing power of residents to a certain extent, and then release the consumption potential of the national economy. From the perspective of enterprises, it can stimulate workers' work enthusiasm and efficiency, which is beneficial to enterprises.

It is understood that the minimum wage has been adjusted more frequently in previous years. In some years, more than 20 provinces raised the minimum wage; Some cities raise the minimum wage more than once a year. After policy adjustment, the gap between local minimum wage standards has been narrowing year by year.

In the past two years, the speed and range of the increase of the minimum wage have slowed down. Relevant departments proposed that all localities should fully consider the development of local economic situation and the actual situation of enterprises, firmly and carefully grasp the adjustment rhythm, and change the minimum wage standard from "at least once every two years" to "at least once every two to three years". Su Hainan believes that "the change in the frequency of the adjustment of the minimum wage standard has a great relationship with the transformation of China's economic growth from high speed to medium and low speed after 2012 and the obvious increase of economic uncertainty at home and abroad."

Specifically, Hebei Province last adjusted the minimum wage on July 1, 2016, three years ago; The minimum wage standard has not been updated since 2017 in 13 provinces, autonomous regions and cities such as Qinghai, Gansu, Guizhou, Hunan, Fujian, Tianjin, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Jilin, Heilongjiang, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, Hubei, Zhejiang and Shanxi. In 2018, the minimum wage in Beijing was adjusted from 2000 yuan / month to 2120 yuan / month, an increase of 120 yuan; In 2019, it was adjusted from 2120 yuan / month to 2200 yuan / month, an increase of 80 yuan.

Experts believe that the increase is the overall trend, because the economy is developing and the social average wage level is improving. However, 'in the future, the adjustment of the minimum wage standard will not be as frequent and wide as before. As the uncertainty of economic development increases and the economic growth slows down, the adjustment of the minimum standard should generally follow the principle of prudence, understand the needs of all parties as much as possible, including ensuring the basic living needs of low-end workers and their supporting population and the affordability of enterprises, and make decisions on whether and how to adjust on this basis. " Su Hainan said.