The water ancient tombs in Jinan are now real. The large-scale ancient tombs are too spectacular
4hw.com.cn: Recently, the archaeological work of Sanguan Temple ancient tomb in Jiyang has achieved significant phased results. The mysterious water ancient tomb in Jinan is now real!
The ancient tomb of Sanguanmiao in Jiyang district is located in the west of Sanguanmiao village, Jiyang sub district office, Jiyang district. In mid December 2018, people found suspected ancient tombs during pond dredging and immediately reported them to the cultural relics department. According to the on-site investigation by the professional and technical personnel of the Institute of Archaeology of Nanshi City, it is preliminarily determined as a large brick chamber Tomb of the Han Dynasty. With the approval of the State Administration of cultural relics, from April to July 2019, Jinan Institute of archaeology, together with Jiyang District Bureau of culture and tourism and Jiyang District Museum, conducted a salvage archaeological excavation of the tomb for nearly four months.
Chen Yongting, the leader of the excavation, introduced that two tombs were excavated and cleaned in this excavation, both of which were stone tombs of the Han Dynasty. According to the archaeological naming rules, the archaeologists numbered the two tombs M1 and M2 in the order of discovery. M1 is the first tomb found.
The tomb was originally in a pond. The villagers of Sanguan Temple took water from the pond last winter to clear the silt. Unexpectedly, the water fell to the tomb, which led to the excavation work started this spring. After months of careful cleaning, the mystery of ancient tombs was finally unveiled.
According to Chen Yongting, M1 has a special structure. It is a multi chamber tomb with double tombs. The north faces south. The scale of the tomb is relatively large. The North-South length of the tomb is about 20 meters and the East-West width is about 15 meters. The whole tomb is equivalent to the current four rooms and four halls. The whole tomb is built of brick and stone, all of which are polished large bricks, with a size of 40 x 20 cm. There are 40 stone reliefs and 63 portraits in the whole tomb. Some portrait stones are polished and then carved, with fine and smooth lines. In addition to the common sheep head portraits in stone tombs in Jinan, there are also some social life scenes. Taking the kitchen map on the column on the west side of the middle room as an example, this image vividly depicts the back kitchen scene of rich families in the Han Dynasty.
M2 is located in the south of M1, about 17 meters long from north to south. Although the scale is not as large as M1, it is still a large tomb among similar tombs. It consists of single tomb passage and corridor, front chamber, middle chamber and double rear chamber. There are 18 portrait stones and 32 portraits. Compared with M1, the portrait stone is slightly rough.
From the chilly spring to the unbearable heat, archaeologists always stick to the construction site, and it is common not to go home all month. During the excavation, they used their brains to overcome the biggest obstacle of the excavation: the problem of high water level. Standardized enclosure, 24-hour monitoring, formal security and strict system ensure the smooth progress of excavation and the safety of cultural relics. During the excavation, a public archaeological activity of "walking into Sanguan temple and feeling ancient culture" was also organized.
The unearthed stone carvings show the superb stone carving art of the Han Dynasty
The largest Han Dynasty portrait stone tomb with double tombs found in Jinan
Chen Yongting said that although the tombs have been seriously disturbed, the archaeologists are gratified that the overall structure of the tombs is still very clear and relatively well preserved, which provides new archaeological material materials for the study of the funeral customs of the Han Dynasty in Jiyang area. At the same time, there are many kinds of unearthed artifacts, including pottery, porcelain, iron, bronze, bone horn and tooth ware, stone products, copper coins, etc., and a large number of solid animal bones can be seen. At the same time, dozens of exquisite portrait stones were found. As a plain area, Jiyang is very difficult to obtain stones. Whether it is a large-scale tomb body or a large number of exquisite portrait stones, it shows that the identity of the tomb owner is unusual. These stone portraits are exquisitely carved and rich in themes. At the same time, they adopt a variety of carving techniques and depict them delicately and vividly, showing the superb stone carving art of the Han Dynasty.
Silent cultural relics do not speak, but it is a wordless heavenly book, which tells us our brilliant ancient civilization. This is the third large-scale portrait stone tomb found in Jiyang area and the largest Han Dynasty portrait stone tomb with double tombs found in Jinan area. It provides new and important archaeological data for the study of funeral customs in the Han Dynasty in Jiyang area.