In daily life, accidental injuries are hard to avoid and sometimes unpredictable. If we don't treat them in time or operate them improperly, it is likely to cause injuries to ourselves or others. Therefore, it is necessary to master some common sense of first aid. Next, let's follow Xiaobian to have a look!
First aid for sprain
If the joint is excessively twisted or torn, the joint capsule, ligament and tendon attached outside the joint are called sprain. Sprains are most common in the ankle, wrist and lower waist. The sprain at the lower waist is usually referred to as twinkle.
Pain is an inevitable symptom. Swelling, skin cyanosis and joint failure are common manifestations of sprain.
First aid measures
1. If you sprain your fingers during the exercise, stop the exercise immediately. First, cold compress, preferably ice. But there is no preparation generally. Water can be used instead. Soak your fingers in water for about 15 minutes, then pack them with a cold wet cloth. Then fix the finger at the finger extension position with adhesive tape.
2. In case of ankle sprain, volunteers should first brake the athletes, then hold them to the side position and call for medical staff to give first aid.
3. For the sprain in the waist, volunteers should carry it to the side, lie on their back, call and wait for the medical staff to deal with it.
Sudden death and first aid
Sudden death (also known as sudden death) is a clinical syndrome, which refers to the unexpected non-traumatic death in a very short period of time, which is a clinical emergency. The standard of "sudden death" is generally based on the time from symptoms to death. At present, opinions are not unified. The World Health Organization (who) is set at less than six hours. Because the peak of 'sudden death' usually occurs within one hour after the onset of the disease, cardiologists set the standard of 'sudden death' within one hour after the onset of the disease, generally no more than six hours.
Most people 'sudden death' before no obvious omen, or occurs in normal activities, or in quiet sleep. Some patients have had a history of angina pectoris attack before, and angina pectoris suddenly intensifies, which is manifested as gray complexion, sweating, blood pressure drop, especially frequent ventricular premature beats, all of which are the omens of 'sudden death'. In addition, sometimes there will be symptoms that did not exist before, such as obvious fatigue, palpitation, dyspnea, mental state mutation, etc., and then, due to cardiac arrest, it is manifested as unconsciousness, high cyanosis, spasm, mydriatic fixation and dilation, or several wheezing like breathing and entering clinical death. If the above symptoms are not found in time and resuscitated in time, the patient will enter into irreversible biological death soon (about 4-6 minutes).
A large number of clinical cases show that the cause of sudden death is mainly caused by heart disease, so it is also called "sudden cardiac death". Among them, coronary heart disease is the most common, followed by myocarditis, primary cardiomyopathy, rheumatic heart disease, primary ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, other heart diseases such as QT prolongation syndrome, ventricular premature beat, ventricular tachycardia, mitral valve prolapse syndrome, congenital heart disease, etc., can cause the heart to suddenly stop effective contraction, resulting in serious systemic blood supply shortage. Because of the short time, the patients can not get timely rescue, and even die.
"Sudden death" mostly occurs at home or in normal work, and also occurs in the process of normal people's movement. Therefore, it is very important to fight against the clock, and timely on-site rescue is often able to save lives. Once the sudden death is found, the patient should be immediately lying on the bed or on the ground. It is strictly forbidden to move. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be performed immediately, that is, percussion on the precordial area, chest compression, mouth-to-mouth artificial respiration, etc. other volunteers should call the medical staff for first aid when the volunteers are carrying out rescue.
3. Emergency treatment for leg cramp
Crus cramp is also called 'gastrocnemius spasm', which mainly refers to the cramp of the foot and the calf. The attack is not only painful, but also unable to move.
First aid measures
1. In daily life, leg cramps often occur, sometimes in sports. At this time, the upper Hegu Point of the hand (i.e. the mouth of the arm tiger, the middle depression between the first metacarpal bone and the second metacarpal bone) and the middle point of the upper lip (i.e. the middle part of the upper lip is near the upper part) can be pinched and pressed rapidly. After pinching and pressing for 20-30 seconds, the pain will be relieved and the muscles will relax.
2. Gently massage the muscle of the cramped muscle to stretch the muscle of the cramped part. If it is a calf muscle cramp, try to stretch the foot towards the tibia. If it's a cramp in the front of the thigh, bend the knee and pull the foot toward the hip. Keep stretching until the cramp disappears.