Original title: National Bureau of Statistics: China's per capita gross national income is higher than the average level of middle-income countries
Report on China's per capita gross national income of USD 9732 in 2018
4hw.com.cn: on July 1, the website of the National Bureau of statistics released a series of reports on the achievements of economic and social development in the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China. The report shows that since the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China, China's national economy has continued to grow rapidly, and the total economic volume has reached a new level. In 2018, China's per capita gross national income reached US $9732, higher than the average level of middle-income countries.
Full text of the report:
2019 marks the 70th anniversary of the founding of new China. Over the past 70 years, under the strong leadership of the Communist Party of China, the people of all ethnic groups across the country have united as one, faced difficulties, forged ahead, worked hard, moved from closed and backward to open and progress, from insufficient food and clothing to an all-round well-off society, and from poverty and weakness to prosperity and strength. They have created one great miracle after another in the history of human development. The Chinese nation has ushered in the era of standing up The great leap from getting rich to becoming strong is striding on the new journey of the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation.
1、 From poverty to the world's second largest economy, the comprehensive national strength and international influence have achieved a historic leap
In the 70 years since the founding of new China, China's economic scale has been expanding, its comprehensive national strength is increasing day by day, its contribution to world economic growth has been greatly improved, and its international status and influence have been significantly enhanced.
（1） The national economy continued to grow rapidly, and the total economic output reached a new level. When new China was born, China's economic foundation was extremely weak. In 1952, China's GDP was only 67.9 billion yuan, and the per capita GDP was 119 yuan. After long-term efforts, China's GDP increased to 367.9 billion yuan in 1978, accounting for 1.8% of the world economy, ranking 11th in the world. Since the reform and opening up, China's economy has developed rapidly. The total economic volume exceeded 1 trillion yuan in 1986 and 10 trillion yuan in 2000, surpassing Italy to become the sixth largest economy in the world. In 2010, it reached 41219.9 billion yuan, surpassing Japan and ranking second in the world for consecutive years. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China's comprehensive national strength has continued to improve. In the past three years, China's total economic output has continuously exceeded the mark of 700000, 800000 and 90 trillion yuan, reaching 90030.9 billion yuan in 2018, accounting for nearly 16% of the world economy. Calculated at constant prices, GDP in 2018 increased 175 times over 1952, with an average annual growth of 8.1%; Among them, the average annual growth rate from 1979 to 2018 was 9.4%, much higher than the average annual growth rate of the world economy of about 2.9% in the same period, and the average annual contribution rate to the world economic growth was about 18%, ranking second only to the United States in the world. In 2018, China's per capita gross national income reached US $9732, higher than the average level of middle-income countries.
（2） Financial strength has changed from weak to strong, and foreign exchange reserves have increased significantly. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's finance was very difficult. In 1950, the national fiscal revenue was only 6.2 billion yuan, which increased to 113.2 billion yuan in 1978. Since the reform and opening up, with the rapid economic development, fiscal revenue has increased significantly. In 1999, the national fiscal revenue exceeded 100 billion yuan for the first time. After entering the new century, fiscal revenue has achieved continuous leaps, reaching 11725.4 billion yuan in 2012. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, fiscal revenue has continued to maintain rapid growth, reaching 18335.2 billion yuan in 2018. From 1951 to 2018, the national fiscal revenue increased by 12.5% annually, including 13.6% annually from 1979 to 2018, providing a strong financial guarantee for promoting economic development and improving people's lives. From the 1950s to 1970s, China's foreign exchange reserves were quite tight. At the end of 1952, China's foreign exchange reserves were only US $108 million and US $167 million at the end of 1978, ranking 38th in the world. Since the reform and opening up, China's foreign exchange reserves have increased steadily, exceeding US $1 trillion at the end of 2006, surpassing Japan and ranking first in the world. At the end of 2018, the balance of foreign exchange reserves was US $3072.7 billion, ranking first in the world for 13 consecutive years.
（3） Its international status has improved significantly and its influence is becoming more and more prominent. From the founding of new China to the reform and opening up, affected by foreign blockades, China had less economic exchanges with other countries in the world. In the 1950s, it once carried out exchanges with the former Soviet Union and Eastern European countries; In the 1970s, China resumed its legitimate status in the United Nations and significantly expanded its exchanges with other countries and international organizations. Since the reform and opening up, China has actively integrated into the international community and played an increasingly important role in international affairs. In April and May 1980, China resumed its legal seats in the International Monetary Fund and the world bank; Joined the World Trade Organization in 2001 and participated in international economic cooperation with a more active attitude. Since 2003, China has successively established free trade zones with countries and regions in Asia, Oceania, Latin America and Europe. At present, 17 free trade agreements have been reached with 25 countries and regions, which has promoted mutual benefit and win-win between China and other countries in the world. One belt, one road, has been actively promoted by the eighteen Party since the party's more than 160 largest and has been actively responded by the more than 160 countries (regions) and international organizations. It proposes to build a community with a shared future for mankind, actively participates in the formulation of international economic and trade rules represented by WTO reform, contributes China's wisdom to the reform of the global governance system, and shows the role of a big country.
2、 From a single structure to prosperity, the industrial structure has been continuously optimized and upgraded
In the 70 years since the founding of new China, China's agricultural basic role has been continuously strengthened, the leading position of industry has been rapidly improved, the supporting effect of service industry on economy and society has become increasingly prominent, the development of three industries has tended to be balanced, and the comprehensiveness, coordination and Sustainability of economic development have been continuously enhanced.
（1） Agricultural production conditions continued to improve, and the comprehensive production capacity increased rapidly. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, the foundation of China's agricultural production was thin, the phenomenon of "relying on heaven to eat" was obvious, and the grain output was low. In the 1960s and 1970s, the construction of farmland water conservancy facilities was promoted under very difficult conditions. Since the reform and opening up, with the deepening of rural reform, the comprehensive agricultural production capacity has been continuously improved and the agricultural economy has developed rapidly. The total grain output increased from 304.77 million tons in 1978 to 612.23 million tons in 2012, and the total output value of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry and fishery increased from 139.7 billion yuan in 1978 to 8634.2 billion yuan in 2012. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the degree of agricultural mechanization has been continuously improved, and the output of main agricultural products has increased steadily. Among them, the output of grains, meat, peanuts, tea and fruits has continued to rank first in the world. Looking back on the past 70 years, China's total grain output increased from 113.18 million tons in 1949 to 65.789 million tons in 2018, the total power of agricultural machinery increased from 180000 kW in 1952 to 1 billion kw in 2018, and the national cultivated land irrigation area expanded from 1996 million hectares in 1952 to 68.1 million hectares in 2018, effectively ensuring national food security.
（2） The industrial system has been gradually improved, and the output of many industrial products ranks first in the world. At the beginning of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's industrial sector was very single, only mining industry, textile industry and simple processing industry, and a large number of industrial products depended on imports. After the founding of new China, China's industrialization began. From the 1950s to 1970s, China initially built an independent and relatively complete industrial system, which laid a valuable foundation for industrial development. Since the reform and opening up, China's industrial development has entered a take-off period, and the industrial added value in 2012 was 38.2 times higher than that in 1978. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, China's industrial production capacity has increased day by day, and has gradually moved towards the middle and high-end. From 2013 to 2018, the added value of China's high-tech industry and equipment manufacturing industry increased by 11.7% and 9.5% respectively. At present, China has become a country with all industrial categories in the United Nations Industrial Classification. The output of more than 200 kinds of industrial products ranks first in the world, and the added value of manufacturing industry has ranked first in the world since 2010. In 2018, China's raw coal output was 3.68 billion tons, an increase of 114 times over 1949; The output of steel was 1.11 billion tons, an increase of 8503 times; The output of cement was 2.21 billion tons, an increase of 3344 times. The electronic information industry came into being and achieved rapid development. In 2018, the output of mobile communication handset and microcomputer equipment reached 1.8 billion and 310 million respectively.
（3） The service industry is booming and its ability to meet the needs of production and life is constantly improving. From the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China to the 1970s, the means of production industry gave priority to development, and the service industry developed relatively slowly. The added value of China's tertiary industry was only 19.5 billion yuan in 1952 and 90.5 billion yuan in 1978. Since the reform and opening up, the service industry has become increasingly prosperous with the prosperity of the market and entered the fast lane of development. In 2018, the added value of the tertiary industry reached 46957.5 billion yuan, 51.0 times higher than that in 1978, with an average annual growth of 10.4%. Among them, the added value of transportation, wholesale and retail, real estate and finance increased by 9.0%, 10.1%, 10.3% and 12.0% respectively. Since the 18th National Congress of the Communist Party of China, the service industry has burst out with unprecedented vitality and vigor. The producer service industry and living service industry have developed in parallel, and new industries, new forms and new models have emerged, becoming an important force to ensure employment and stabilize the economy.
（4） The industrial structure has been continuously optimized, from relying mainly on a single industry to relying on the joint drive of three industries. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, agriculture accounted for a relatively high proportion, and industry and service industry were relatively weak. In 1952, the added value of primary, secondary and tertiary industries accounted for 50.5%, 20.8% and 28.7% of GDP respectively. In the 1950s and 1970s, with the promotion of industrialization, the proportion of the secondary industry continued to increase. In 1978, the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries was 27.7%, 47.7% and 24.6% respectively. Since the reform and opening up, industrialization and urbanization have developed rapidly, the agricultural foundation has been consolidated and strengthened, and the development level of industry and service industry has been continuously improved. In 2012, the proportion of the tertiary industry reached 45.5%, surpassing the secondary industry for the first time and becoming the largest industry in the national economy. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China's agriculture, industry and service industry have developed in a coordinated manner. In 2018, the proportion of primary, secondary and tertiary industries was 7.2%, 40.7% and 52.2% respectively, and their contribution rates to economic growth were 4.2%, 36.1% and 59.7% respectively.
3、 From bottleneck constraints to advantage support, basic industries and infrastructure have made a major leap
In the 70 years since the founding of new China, China's transportation, posts and telecommunications have developed rapidly, the status of basic industries has been continuously consolidated, the energy supply capacity has been steadily improved, and the construction of infrastructure has been accelerated, which has provided a solid guarantee for the sustainable development of economy and society.
（1） The development of transportation has made remarkable achievements, and the comprehensive transportation network extends in all directions. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's transportation was very backward. In the 70 years since the founding of the people's Republic of China, especially since the reform and opening up, the construction of China's comprehensive transportation system has been gradually accelerated, the transportation network has been increasingly improved, and the transportation capacity and efficiency have been significantly improved. The length of transportation lines has doubled with the modernization drive. At the end of 2012, China's railway business mileage and highway mileage increased by 0.9 times and 3.8 times respectively compared with the end of 1978. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, China's comprehensive transportation channels have been basically connected, the networking level of transportation infrastructure has been further improved, and the service guarantee capacity has been greatly improved. By the end of 2018, China's railway operating mileage had reached 131000 km, an increase of five times over the end of 1949, including 29000 km of high-speed railway, accounting for more than 60% of the world's total high-speed railway. A high-speed railway network with "four vertical and four horizontal" as the main framework was basically formed; The highway mileage was 4.85 million km, an increase of 59 times, including highways from scratch, reaching 143000 km by the end of 2018; The mileage of inland waterway was 127000 km, an increase of 72.7%; The mileage of regular flights was 8.38 million kilometers, an increase of 734 times over the end of 1950.
（2） The level of Posts and telecommunications has been comprehensively improved, and the construction of a modern information and communication system has been accelerated. In the early days of the founding of the people's Republic of China, China's postal communication developed rapidly