Recently, at the end of the eighth season of game of rights, HBO launched a high score Mini drama Chernobyl. At present, the score of this mini drama in Douban is as high as 9.6, and the freshness of rotten tomatoes is 95%! This HBO Mini drama Chernobyl is based on real events and reproduces the tragedy of that year from the perspective of many small people. Many people are very curious about the Chernobyl incident. The editor of this article reviews the real historical events of Chernobyl for everyone's love. Let's have a look.
The Chernobyl nuclear accident is called the most serious nuclear power accident in history, and the city of pripiaj near the nuclear power plant was abandoned. This is the most tragic scientific and technological tragedy in human history. In the more than 30 years since then, many people have been reflecting on why this accident occurred and how to avoid the recurrence of such accidents.
On April 26, 1986, 33 years ago, the former Soviet Union detonated four atomic bombs by itself. However, it was accidentally done in the city of Pripyat (now Ukraine). This is the biggest disaster in human history - the explosion of the Chernobyl nuclear reactor, which has turned pale so far.
Review of the real historical events of Chernobyl:
Rescue and evacuation escape
The Chernobyl explosion caused more than 30 fires. At 1:30, the fire brigade on duty of the nuclear power plant rushed to the scene of the accident from pripiat and Chernobyl city. These firefighters were exposed to deadly nuclear radiation and fought with the fire devil.
At 2:10, the fire on the roof of the turbine building was put out. As the fire on the roof of the turbine building directly threatens the adjacent unit 3, the fire here must be extinguished in time, otherwise it will cause greater fire.
At 2:30, the fire at the top of the reactor building was basically extinguished. After four hours of fighting, the fire was put out at 5 o'clock.
But that night, two people died in the fire fighting process, and 28 people died of nuclear radiation in the next few months. They were the first victims of Chernobyl.
On the morning of April 26, the sky clouds had been polluted by a radioactive cloud column washed up 1000 meters high.
Igor kostin, a photographer for the Russian news agency, was the first reporter to witness the opening of the cave. COSTIN was one of the few surviving journalists who arrived at the scene of the accident first. That morning, he came to Chernobyl in a helicopter driven by his friend. He said he saw that the building in area 4 had been destroyed and thin and transparent smoke came out of the chimney. They approached area four and circled over. He opened the helicopter window and tried to take a picture. I opened the window and couldn't hear anything. The ruins of the reactor are right below me. I feel like floating in weightless space, as if I were in a cemetery, and the scene is silent. I couldn't even hear the sound of helicopters anymore. The scene was empty, a black hole, like a dead grave. COSTIN said.
The residents living in pripiat were not informed of the seriousness of the accident. They lived as usual, because eight hours after the explosion, former Soviet leader Gorbachev had very little information. He said: the earliest news only said that there was an accident and fire, and did not mention the explosion at all. Officials therefore did not issue a warning message and take measures.
Yulia Maggie was only five years old. She lived with her family in pripiat. Her father works in a nuclear power plant. My parents took me to the nursery as usual. Everything was normal. Father was aware of the accident, but did not take any protective measures.
At that time, Colonel klenbanyak was responsible for leading the army to control the disaster. His men were responsible for testing the initial radioactivity readings in the city. At that time, the unit of measurement of radioactivity was called roentgen, and the amount of radiation in the normal atmosphere was 0.000012 roentgen. In pripiat, at noon on the 26th, the reading was as high as 0.2 roentgen, 15000 times the normal value. The number is still rising. In the evening, the radiation value climbed to 600000 times the normal value.
It is generally believed that the human body can absorb up to 2 roentgen per year without being affected. However, once more than 400 roentgens are absorbed, the human body will be fatally polluted.
These values shocked the Nuclear Research Institute of the former Soviet Union. Such high radioactivity has never been seen before. Gorbachev urgently set up a government committee composed of top nuclear energy experts in China. The committee is led by academician legasov, an internationally renowned nuclear physicist.
Due to the harm of nuclear radiation caused by the accident to human body, the government decided to evacuate the residents in the area 30 kilometers around the Chernobyl nuclear power plant. According to statistics, as of May 14 of that year, the evacuated population had reached 1.16 million.
At 11 a.m. on April 27, 30 hours after the explosion, the government finally began to take the first batch of security measures, and more than 1000 buses arrived in pripiat. At 2 p.m., the military announced that it would evacuate the city completely.
Yulia Maggie said: 'I remember the kindergarten teacher gave us iodine tablets, and then the parents came to pick up the children. Everyone ran around, but they were not in a panic. We thought it was only three days at most. "
To avoid causing panic, the authorities concealed the seriousness of the situation. Residents only have two hours to pack, and then they have to gather in front of their homes. " They want us to get on the bus. I clearly remember that I had to choose the toys to take away. I have a lot of dolls. I want to take them all, but I can't. We didn't even have time to bring warm clothes. Residents must leave behind everything they have and all their lives. "
Many residents living here still can't forget the scene of living here in those days. Zuikov, who was studying at No. 3 middle school at that time, still remembers the classroom and his childhood partners. He was only 15 years old at that time. When many local residents were asked to evacuate, they still felt that they would be able to return to their place of life soon. They didn't even take their pets or much luggage when they evacuated, but they didn't expect that this farewell would be their home forever.
In the following four hours, about 45000 residents of pripiat town were evacuated.
48 hours after the disaster, only military personnel and members of the scientist delegation were left in Chernobyl.
At the beginning of the accident, the government tried to use the emergency auxiliary feed pump to supply water to the core space to reduce the temperature in the reactor pit and prevent the graphite masonry from catching fire, but this attempt was useless, so it had to cover the reactor body with heat absorbing agent and filter material.
From April 27 to May 10, the government established an expert group to organize military helicopters to put about 5000 tons of mixed materials composed of boron, dolomite, sand, clay and lead into the reactor to cover up the reactor.
On May 6, the radioactive discharge was finally controlled, and the temperature of reactor fuel was also controlled. At the same time, nitrogen was sent to the space under the reactor pit chamber through the blower, and an artificial heat removal channel was built under the foundation of the plant.
Since the end of May, the situation has been generally stable. The destroyed part of the reactor building is stable. Radioactive emissions are controlled within a safe range.
Cause immeasurable harm
After the Chernobyl nuclear power plant accident, it has had a great impact on the surrounding areas and even the world.
According to the official report of the former Soviet Union at that time, more than 8 tons of radioactive materials spewed out mixed with hot graphite fragments and nuclear fuel fragments, and the amount of radiation released was more than 200 times the equivalent of the explosion of Hiroshima atomic bomb in Japan.
According to the official announcement of the former Soviet Union four months later, 31 people died, mainly rescue personnel, including a major general; More than 200 people suffering from radiation diseases; A total of 135000 people were evacuated from the danger zone. In 1992, Ukrainian officials announced that more than 7000 people had died from the nuclear pollution of the accident.
According to the harm caused by nuclear leakage, nuclear accidents are divided into eight levels from 0 to 7 internationally. The higher the level, the more serious the harm is. The Chernobyl nuclear accident is considered to be level 7, which is the most serious' catastrophic accident ', indicating that most radioactive substances are released outward, which may have acute health effects, chronic health effects in a large area (possibly involving more than one country) and long-term environmental consequences.
In fact, on the day of the accident, some heavier radioactive substances spread westward to Poland. On the third day, radioactive dust spread to large areas in the western part of the former Soviet Union and began to threaten Western Europe. On day 4, Scandinavia and Germany were affected. Within 10 days, radioactive dust fell to most of Europe.
The explosion eventually polluted more than 200000 square kilometers of land. Today, Ukraine, Russia and Belarus suffer the most serious nuclear pollution.