Children are the most vulnerable people. As a parent, we must master the treatment methods of these injuries, and go to the hospital without any small things. We can deal with them at home~
First aid for trauma:
Tissue tear or damage of human body caused by external force. There are many causes of trauma, according to whether there is a wound, it can be divided into two categories: open and closed.
① closed trauma: it is caused by blunt force, without skin or mucous membrane rupture on the body surface, and common contusion and sprain.
A. contusion: skin and subcutaneous soft tissue damage caused by blunt force blow, no skin crack, bruise, blood stasis, swelling and tenderness under the skin. For those who are light, external application of Shangshi Zhitong plaster can be used. For the contusion of chest and abdomen and head, whether there is deep hematoma or visceral injury bleeding should be considered. It is advisable to go to the hospital for observation and diagnosis.
B. sprain: sprain often occurs at ankle, waist, neck and wrist. The general treatment principle of sprain is to calm the patient's mood, fix the injured part, and cover the affected part with cold wet cloth. Sprained hands and feet can raise the affected part. The injured part of neck and waist shall not be moved during handling. Sprain is often accompanied by dislocation or fracture of the joint. It is advisable to go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment immediately. In addition, no matter how serious the sprain is, you can't take a bath immediately or massage randomly. You should send it to the hospital for treatment. The commonly used treatment methods of sprain are local block (0.25% - 0.5% procaine), external application and internal administration of drugs, physical therapy, etc.
(2) open trauma: most of them are caused by sharp tools and firearms, a few can be caused by blunt force, often with rupture of skin and body surface mucosa.
A, cut: shallow wound is washed with warm boiled water or normal saline, then tincture with iodine or alcohol, hemostasis, or spray with "good fast" sprays on the wound, and then bandage, generally can heal faster. For smaller wounds, the use of "band aids" can be collected and sorted out by medical education network. For deep wounds, it is necessary to immediately compress and stop bleeding, quickly go to the hospital for debridement, suture and repair depending on the condition of the injury. Do not apply ointment or other drugs to the wound, otherwise it will be difficult to heal.
B. stab wound: it is advisable to disinfect the wound first, take out the foreign matters with sterilized needles and tweezers, and then bandage the wound after disinfecting. Foreign bodies in the body are prone to suppurative infection. For those with small wound and less bleeding, it is better to squeeze some blood out of the wound. It is not easy to deal with the stab injury of the nail. First cut the nail into a V-shaped mouth, pull out the stab, or go to the hospital for treatment. If it is stabbed by a needle, a piece of metal, etc. and left in the body, it should be taken out in the hospital under X-ray.
③ general principles of trauma treatment:
For patients with massive bleeding, hemostasis should be taken first; for small wounds such as cut wounds and stab wounds, bacteria and dirt can be discharged if a small amount of blood can be squeezed out; for wounds, clean water should be used; for wounds that cannot be thoroughly cleaned, clean cloth should be used to cover the surface, instead of cotton and toilet paper.