The harm of asthma is beyond your imagination. Don't pay attention to sihaiwang until it is found after the onset: asthma is a common disease around you. Many people have changed to asthma or haven't paid attention to it before they get sick. In fact, the harm of asthma is great. Teng Lijun, once the memory of a generation, had a sudden attack of asthma in a performance in Thailand. Spraying a large amount of ventolin (an emergency medicine for asthma attack) was useless. She died on the way to the emergency department. A bright star fell.
Asthma is the abbreviation of 'bronchial asthma', which is a chronic inflammatory disease occurring in the airway. The airway is the pipe responsible for transporting air into and out of the lungs. When these pipes go wrong, the air in and out of the lungs will be affected. Therefore, asthmatic patients will feel difficult to breathe when they get sick.
The typical manifestations of asthma include recurrent wheezing, chest tightness, cough, dyspnea, etc. many patients have obvious biological rules, which often occur or worsen at 2 ~ 6 a.m. Some patients only have paroxysmal cough symptoms, also known as cough variant asthma; Some young people only show chest tightness and tight breath during exercise, also known as exercise-induced asthma.
Asthma is a complex disease with polygenic genetic tendency. Its incidence has the phenomenon of family aggregation. The closer the kinship, the higher the prevalence. People with asthma susceptibility genes are greatly affected by environmental factors, which are as follows:
(1) Allergenic factors: ① indoor allergens such as dust mites, domestic pets and cockroaches; ② Outdoor allergens such as pollen and grass powder; ③ Occupational allergens such as paint, feed and reactive dyes; ④ Food such as fish, shrimp, eggs, milk; ⑤ Drugs such as aspirin and antibiotics.
(2) Non allergenic factors: such as air pollution, smoking, exercise, obesity, etc. It is often related to exposure to allergens, cold air, physical or chemical stimulation, upper respiratory tract infection, exercise, etc. The above symptoms can be relieved by treatment or self relief, but severe cases can suffocate to death. The causes include heredity, allergy and so on.
At present, there are about 30 million patients with asthma in China. The disease burden brought by asthma is equivalent to liver cirrhosis, schizophrenia and other diseases, and can seriously affect the growth and development of children.
The harm of asthma is not just that you can't breathe
● pulmonary infection asthma occurs frequently, which can cause lower respiratory tract and lung infection and aggravate asthma. Therefore, asthma patients should strengthen exercise and improve immune function than normal people, so as to reduce the probability of infection.
● celebrities such as Teng Lijun and Ke Shouliang died suddenly due to asthma. Sudden death is the most serious complication of asthma, because it often has no obvious premonitory symptoms. Once it occurs suddenly, it is often too late to rescue.
● respiratory arrest, respiratory failure, insufficient ventilation during severe asthma attack, or improper medication, complicated with pneumothorax, atelectasis and pulmonary edema, will lead to respiratory failure.
● multiple organ dysfunction and even failure are often complicated by severe hypoxia, serious infection, acid-base imbalance, gastrointestinal bleeding, toxic and side effects of drugs, severe asthma and severe acute attack of asthma.
● water electrolyte and acid-base imbalance due to severe attack of asthma, it will cause hypoxia, insufficient food intake, dehydration, cardiac insufficiency, liver insufficiency, especially respiratory insufficiency and renal insufficiency, often accompanied by water electrolyte and acid-base imbalance.
Persistent and recurrent asthma; Suffocation and helplessness during attack; Asthma has an adverse impact on patients' work and life & hellip& hellip; These may cause depression, depression, anxiety and other emotions of patients, making them in a bad psychological state. These negative emotions also have a certain chance to induce 'emotional asthma' and make patients fall into a 'long-lasting' malignant cycle.
Once diagnosed as asthma, regular control treatment should be started as soon as possible in order to obtain the best curative effect. At present, the main measure of asthma treatment is inhalation control drug treatment.
The prevention and treatment strategy of asthma should first get rid of allergens; Secondly, if the family has a history of asthma, it is also necessary to be alert to the occurrence of the disease; In terms of treatment, we also need to select different drugs for targeted treatment according to the severity of asthma.
Due to the heterogeneity of asthma, the symptoms are different in different stages. At present, it is mainly through inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) and long-acting & beta; Receptor agonist (Laba) treatment can control inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Long-term adherence to medication can prevent acute attack of asthma and improve the quality of life of patients.
In addition, to effectively prevent and treat asthma, we must stay away from the following six misunderstandings.
Myth 1: asthma is mainly manifested as dyspnea. Cough alone is not asthma
Many old people think that cough has nothing to do with asthma, which is a misunderstanding. Asthma does not necessarily have dyspnea symptoms, but can also be manifested as repeated cough, aggravation of night symptoms and so on.
Myth 2: stop taking medicine when symptoms improve
Many asthmatic patients feel that their symptoms are alleviated, so they reduce or stop their drugs without authorization, which often leads to repeated attacks and even gradual aggravation of their condition. Maintenance treatment in stable period is one of the most important links in the prevention and treatment of asthma, which can significantly reduce the number of acute attacks of asthma.
Myth 3: antibiotics should be used for treatment
Many patients think antibiotics are omnipotent. In case of asthma attack, they even take the initiative to ask doctors for antibiotics. However, only a small number of asthma inducing factors are caused by bacterial infection. Antibiotics can not eliminate allergic inflammation of bronchial mucosa, so it can not solve the fundamental problem of asthma.
Myth 4: it is not necessary to do pulmonary function examination
Some patients, especially elderly patients, think that pulmonary function examination is redundant. In fact, pulmonary function examination is the most valuable index and gold standard in the diagnosis of asthma. It is not only valuable for the diagnosis and evaluation of asthma, but also an important reference for doctors to judge the disease severity and treatment effect during treatment. In the course of treatment, doctors check the lung function of patients to evaluate the treatment effect and adjust the treatment plan and drug dose in time.
Myth 5: asthma patients can't exercise
Some patients think that exercise may induce asthma, so they think that asthmatic patients should stay away from exercise. This view is a common misunderstanding. Asthmatic patients can participate in general exercise during remission. Even patients with 'exercise-induced asthma' can take some drug prevention before exercise. There are also many athletes with asthma, such as Olympic gold medalist and American swimmer Michael Phelps.
Myth 6: treatment is either pure western medicine or pure traditional Chinese medicine
In daily life, many patients who like traditional Chinese medicine hope to treat asthma only with traditional Chinese medicine, and those who like western medicine are unwilling to try to treat asthma with traditional Chinese medicine, which is a misunderstanding of treatment. The clinical effect of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine in the treatment of asthma is more significant, and can make up for the shortcomings of the two therapies, which is more beneficial to the rehabilitation of patients.
The treatment of asthma is a long-term process. While standardizing the treatment, patients also need to maintain a positive and optimistic attitude towards life and treatment, visit the hospital regularly, communicate and communicate with doctors about the development of the disease, and try to avoid psychological problems to avoid aggravating the symptoms of the disease.
Asthma control test form (ACT)
Note: Step 1: Please accurately record the score of each question. Step 2: add the scores of each question to get the total score. Step 3: find the answer according to the total score.
● question 1: in the past 4 weeks, how often did asthma interfere with your daily activities at work, at school or at home?
Answer: a all the time B most of the time C some times d few times e none
Score: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively
● question 2: how many times have you had difficulty breathing in the past 4 weeks?
Answer: a more than once a day B once a day C 3-6 times a week D 1-2 times a week e none at all
Score: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively
● question 3: in the past 4 weeks, how many times did you wake up at night or earlier than usual in the morning because of asthma symptoms (wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, chest tightness or pain)?
Answer: a 4 or more nights a week B 2 to 3 nights a week C 1 to 2 times a week e no
Score: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively
● question 4: how many times have you used emergency medication (e.g. salbutamol) in the past 4 weeks?
Answer: a more than 3 times a day B 1-2 times a day C 2-3 times a week d 1 time a week or less e no
Score: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively
● question 5: how do you assess your asthma control over the past 4 weeks?
Answer: A has no control, B has poor control, C has control, D has good control, e has complete control
Score: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively
Scores and results:
● score: 25 - full control.
Your asthma has been completely controlled in the past 4 weeks. You have no asthma symptoms, and your life is not limited by asthma. However, reduction treatment can only be considered after asthma control for at least 3 consecutive months.
● score: 20-24 points - partial / good control.
In the past 4 weeks, your asthma has been well or partially controlled, but it has not been completely controlled. You should continue to maintain treatment. Your doctor may be able to help you get complete control.
● score: less than 20 - uncontrolled.
Your asthma may not be under control in the past 4 weeks. You should consider upgrading treatment or strengthening follow-up to achieve asthma control as soon as possible. Your doctor can help you develop an asthma management plan to help you improve asthma control.