The Spring Festival in 2019 is only a few days away. The Spring Festival is the biggest festival in China. During the Spring Festival, there is a lively atmosphere of national celebration everywhere. China is a country with 56 nationalities. The Han nationality accounts for the majority of China's population. Do you know that the Han people celebrate the Spring Festival? Then which nationality's festival is the Spring Festival? How do other nationalities celebrate the Spring Festival? This article brings you the introduction of the Spring Festival and the ways and customs of ethnic minorities to celebrate the Spring Festival. Let's have a look.
Which national festival is the Spring Festival
The Spring Festival is a grand festival shared by dozens of ethnic groups in China, but the forms of celebrating the Spring Festival are different among ethnic groups. For example, the Han nationality wants to have a family dinner on New Year's Eve, and the elders give "lucky money" to minor children; On the new year's eve of the Buyi people, the whole family sat around the fire pond and kept vigil all night; On New Year's Eve, Tibetans hold a grand "God dance meeting". People wear masks and sing and dance to show that they can get rid of the old and welcome the new, dispel evil spirits and bring blessings.
Spring Festival introduction
The Spring Festival, the lunar new year, is the beginning of the year, the traditional 'New Year's Day'. Commonly known as the new year, the new year, the new year, the new year, the new year, the new year, and so on. Verbally, it is also known as celebrating the new year, celebrating the new year, and celebrating the new year. The Spring Festival has a long history, which evolved from the worship at the beginning of the year in ancient times. All things are based on heaven and people are based on their ancestors. Praying for new years, offering sacrifices, respecting heaven and Fazu, and returning the beginning to the beginning. The origin of the Spring Festival contains profound cultural connotation and carries rich history and culture in the inheritance and development. During the Spring Festival, all parts of the country hold various activities to celebrate the Spring Festival, with a lively and festive atmosphere; These activities take eliminating the old and putting on the new, welcoming the new year and receiving blessings, worshipping gods and ancestors and praying for a good harvest as the main contents, with rich and colorful forms and strong regional characteristics.
In ancient folk, people began to "busy New Year" from the wax festival in the twelfth lunar month or the sacrificial stove on the 23rd or 24th of the twelfth lunar month, and the new year did not end until the 19th of the first lunar month. In modern times, people set the Spring Festival on the first day of the first lunar month, but generally it will not end until the 15th day of the first lunar month (Lantern Festival). The Spring Festival is a happy and peaceful Festival. It is a day for relatives and friends to get together and a bond for people to deepen their feelings. Festival greetings convey the family ethics between relatives and friends in the countryside. It is an important meaning for the sustainable development of the Spring Festival.
Beginning with the Centennial Festival, the Spring Festival is the most solemn traditional festival of the Chinese nation. It not only embodies the thoughts and beliefs, ideals and aspirations, life, entertainment and cultural psychology of the Chinese nation, but also a carnival display of blessing, diet and entertainment activities. Influenced by Chinese culture, some countries and nationalities belonging to the Chinese character cultural circle also have the custom of celebrating the new year. The Spring Festival, the Qingming Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival and the Mid Autumn Festival are known as China's four traditional festivals. The Spring Festival folk custom has been included in the first batch of national intangible cultural heritage list with the approval of the State Council.
Customs and ways of ethnic minorities celebrating the Spring Festival
Manchu
Manchu people should stick window flowers, couplets and the word "Fu" during the Spring Festival. The whole family makes dumplings on the new year's Eve. They pay attention to pleated dumplings. They can't pinch the 'heshangtou' dumplings with bare edges. They are afraid that they will be 'bald'. Dumplings should be stacked horizontally and vertically, which symbolizes that the wealth of the new year extends in all directions. Dumplings can't be placed in circles. I'm afraid there's no way to live.
Dong Nationality
On the morning of the new year's day, Dong people will get some fresh carp from the fish pond and put them on the table. This is to herald the good luck of the new year (because Yu is homonymous with fish).
Mongolian
Mongols have always advocated white, so they call the first lunar month 'white moon' and the new year 'white Festival'. Preparations for the Mongolian New Year begin on the 23rd day of the twelfth lunar month. In addition to cleaning, bathing and arranging yurts, people also wear new clothes, horses, red Tassels and new saddles. Give the whole ox and sheep with hada to your close relatives and friends. In the early morning of the first day of the lunar new year, we first salute the elderly, and then propose a toast to our peers to celebrate the good luck of the new year. On the first day of junior high school, we must pay New Year's greetings to our elders in the morning.
Naxi minority
In the first lunar new year, people visit relatives and friends and take turns to be guests. Young and middle-aged men organize lantern parties and compete with other villages. Both urban and rural areas hold lantern fairs, which show national stories, such as Arnold Mui joking, the old birthday star releasing deer, the night pearl of social drama, the lion rolling the hydrangea, the Phoenix and so on.
Tujia Nationality
During the Spring Festival, Tujia people will hold a grand wave dance. Waving Dance is a popular ancient dance of Tujia nationality, including more than 70 dance movements such as hunting, military, farming and banquet. It has bright rhythm, beautiful movements, simple dancing posture, healthy mood, no props, distinct national characteristics and strong flavor of life.
Pumi nationality
On the morning of the first day of the lunar new year, the Pumi people began to fire salutes and blow conch to celebrate.
Oroqen nationality
On the morning of the new year's day, young people in Olunchun should first give their elders a full glass of wine and salute to show filial piety and greetings. Then, peers drink and bless each other. After breakfast, young people get together for horse racing, archery and other competitions.
Daur nationality
Early in the morning of the first day of the lunar new year, Daur youths covered their hands with pot bottom ash and scrambled to paint others' faces. Beautiful girls are often painted as' Cinderella 'by young men. It is said that this means wishing a good harvest and happiness.
Hani Nationality
Swing. A few days before the Spring Festival, the villages where Hani people live have become lively, and women are busy pounding Baba. Baba is a cake made of glutinous rice. The boys were busy cutting bamboo up the mountain and preparing to set up a swing. The swing there is more than ten meters high. Hani people, men, women, young and old, love to swing. During the festival, everyone wears their favorite clothes to swing, showing a lively and harmonious festival scene everywhere.
the Korean nationality
The Korean family stayed up all night on New Year's Eve. The ancient gayeqin and pipe music brought people into the new year. During the festival, men, women, old and young indulge in singing and dancing and hold competitions such as springboard pressing and tug of war. On the evening of the fifteenth day of the first lunar month, a traditional celebration rally was held. Several elderly people elected boarded the "moon watching rack" to see the bright moon first, which means that their children and grandchildren are healthy, progress and all the best. Then, everyone danced around the lit 'Moon rack' with the music of long drum, tube flute and suona.
Zhuang Nationality
On New Year's Eve, every family kills chickens, slaughters ducks, steamed pork, steamed pork, barbecued pork, etc. The rice on New Year's Eve should be steamed a lot, symbolizing wealth. Zongzi is essential for the Zhuang Spring Festival. Zhuang zongzi is a noble food. The extra large zongzi weighs ten or twenty kilograms and has a unique flavor. On the first and second days of the first month, guests should eat zongzi. During the Spring Festival, cultural and sports activities such as singing to each other, playing top, dancing and ball games will be held.
the zang or tibetan people
Wear the most beautiful clothes and the most precious jewelry. Even people with poor economic conditions should prepare a new year's robe or one or two rough decorations, which is called 'saju' in Tibetan, that is, new clothes. On the third day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, Lhasa people came in groups to Baoping mountain in the eastern suburb and Yaowang mountain in the western suburb to insert Sutra flags and hang colored flags to worship mountain gods and water gods. On the fifth day of the first month of the Tibetan calendar, a grand plowing ceremony was held. Farmers wear festive costumes, and strong farm cattle are dressed in 'colorful' - with butter patterns on their foreheads, red flags and colored feathers on their horns, colored Satin on their shoulders, shells and pine stones on the satin, and colorful ribbons on their tails.
Yi Nationality
Torch Festival is the year of the Yi people. In the eyes of Yi people, fire symbolizes light, justice and prosperity, and symbolizes the powerful force that can destroy all evil. Torch Festival is a festival of joy, love and happiness for the Yi people.
Lahu Nationality
Lahu people celebrate the lunar new year from the first to the fourth day of the first lunar month and the lunar new year from the ninth to the eleventh day of the first lunar month. On the evening of the twelfth lunar month, pigs are killed and glutinous rice cakes are pounded. Each family should make a pair of big cakes, symbolizing the stars, indicating good weather and bumper crops in the new year. Lahu people also have the custom of gathering together to watch the new year.
Miao Nationality
The Miao people call the Spring Festival the 'Hakka year'. Every family kills pigs and sheep and wishes good weather and bumper grain in the coming year. In addition, the Miao people also sing the 'Spring Song', the lyrics to the effect that they miss spring, hope for spring, cherish spring and pull spring.
Qiang Nationality
During the Spring Festival, every family of Qiang nationality will put cattle, sheep and other sacrifices to sacrifice their ancestors. In addition, on New Year's Eve, everyone should sit around the wine jar and suck the wine in the jar from left to right with a one meter long straw under the leadership of the elderly.
Aquarium
During the Spring Festival, aquarium children will come door to door to ask adults for candy. Whoever wants the most is considered to be blessed with the best luck and smart and healthy in the future.
Bai nationality
The first meal of the Bai nationality in the early morning of the first day of the new year is that the whole family, old and young, drink soaked rice and sugar water, which indicates that they can live a nectar like life in the new year.