Once the fracture is suspected, the activity of the affected area should be reduced as much as possible, and the hard board bed should be used as much as possible when transferring. Here are five principles of emergency treatment after fracture.
1. Safe transfer
After on-site rescue, the wounded shall be quickly and safely transferred to the hospital for treatment. During transportation, the movement shall be light and stable to prevent vibration and damage of limbs, so as to reduce the pain of the wounded; the warm keeping and appropriate activities shall be paid attention to.
2. Necessary pain relief
After severe trauma, strong pain stimulation can cause shock, so necessary painkillers should be given. Such as oral analgesic tablets, can also be injected painkillers, but brain, chest injury can not be injected with morphine, so as to prevent inhibition of respiratory center.
3. Wound treatment
In addition to timely and proper hemostasis, the treatment of open wounds should be immediately wrapped with sterile gauze or clean cloth to prevent the wound from being polluted. Foreign bodies on the surface of the wound should be removed, and the exposed fracture end should not be pushed into the wound to avoid contamination of deep tissue. If possible, it is better to wash the wound with potassium permanganate and other disinfectants before bandaging and fixing.
4. Simple fixation
Local materials can be obtained at the scene of first aid, such as sticks, slats, branches, walking sticks or cardboard, etc., which can be used as fixation equipment, and the length of which shall be determined by fixing the upper and lower joints of the fracture. If no fixed hard object can be found, the injured limb can also be tied directly to the body with cloth belt. The fractured upper limb can be fixed on the chest wall, so that the forearm is suspended on the chest; the fractured lower limb can be fixed together with the healthy limb.
5. Save life
The first principle of first aid on the scene of severe trauma is to save life, such as:
(1) if the heart rate and breath of the wounded have stopped or are close to stop, external chest compression and artificial respiration shall be carried out immediately.
(2) comatose patients should keep their respiratory tract unobstructed and remove foreign matters in their mouth and pharynx in time.
(3) the patients with consciousness disorder can be acupunctured at the acupoints of their middle and Baihui.
(4) there may be a large amount of bleeding at the wound of the open fracture wounded, and the pressure bandage of the dressing can be generally used to stop bleeding.
(5) if tourniquet is used to stop bleeding in severe bleeding, the time of starting to use tourniquet must be recorded, and the tourniquet should be relaxed once every 30 minutes (30-60 seconds each time) to prevent limb ischemia and necrosis. In case of the above life-threatening fracture patients, they should be transported to the hospital quickly for treatment.
What are the causes of fracture?
1. Indirect violence
Indirect violence can also lead to fractures. The fracture is far away from the contact point of external force. Most of them are closed fractures, and the soft tissue damage is less.
2. Fatigue fracture
Long term repeated direct or indirect external force, concentrated at a certain point of the bone fracture. For example, fracture of the second and third tendons is also one of the causes of fracture.
3. Strong muscle contraction
The origin of fracture is related to muscle strength. In the process of muscle contraction, the attached bone tissue can be torn off in case of resistance, resulting in fracture.
4. Trauma
The fracture occurred in the position of direct external force. Such as bruise. Most of them are comminuted or transverse fracture, soft tissue injury is serious, and most of them are open, which is one of the causes of fracture.
5. Original bone lesions
If the vessel itself has some original pathological changes, such as bone tumor, bone storage inflammation, bone tuberculosis, etc., and fracture occurs under some action or slight external force, it is called pathological fracture. The hyperfunction of adrenal cortex or the application of cortisone can easily lead to fracture or slow fracture healing.