GDP refers to the sum of the value of all final products and services produced by all resident units of a country (or region) in a certain period of time. It is often regarded as an indicator to measure the economic situation of a country (or region). Therefore, the annual GDP data is a matter of great concern to the country and the people. On January 21, 2019, the National Bureau of statistics released the report card of China's economy in 2018. According to the data, the annual GDP in 2018 increased by 6.6% over the previous year, achieving the expected development goal of about 6.5%. What is the situation of GDP growth in 2018 in all aspects of society? Let's take a look at this article.
According to preliminary accounting, the annual GDP was 90030.9 billion yuan, an increase of 6.6% over the previous year at comparable prices, and the expected development target of about 6.5% was achieved. In terms of quarters, it increased by 6.8% year-on-year in the first quarter, 6.7% in the second quarter, 6.5% in the third quarter and 6.4% in the fourth quarter. By industry, the added value of the primary industry was 6473.4 billion yuan, an increase of 3.5% over the previous year; The added value of the secondary industry was 36600.1 billion yuan, an increase of 5.8%; The added value of the tertiary industry was 46957.5 billion yuan, an increase of 7.6%.
1、 Grain production remained high and animal husbandry was generally stable
The total grain output of the whole country was 657.89 million tons, a decrease of 0.6% over the previous year. It is still a historical high-yield year, maintaining above 650 million tons for four consecutive years. Among them, the output of summer grain is 138.78 million tons, the output of early rice is 28.59 million tons, and the output of autumn grain is 490.52 million tons. Cotton output was 6.1 million tons, an increase of 7.8% over the previous year. The planting structure was further optimized, the sown area of high-quality rice was expanded, the sown area of corn continued to be reduced, the sown area of soybean increased, and the sown area of cotton, sugar and Chinese herbal medicine increased.
The annual output of pigs, cattle, sheep and poultry meat was 85.17 million tons, a slight decrease of 0.3% over the previous year. Among them, the output of pork was 54.04 million tons, down 0.9%; Beef output was 6.44 million tons, an increase of 1.5%; The output of mutton was 4.75 million tons, an increase of 0.8%; The output of poultry meat was 19.94 million tons, an increase of 0.6%. The number of live pigs was 428.17 million, a decrease of 3.0% over the previous year; 693.82 million pigs were sold, down 1.2%.
2、 Industrial production grew steadily and new industries grew rapidly
In the whole year, the added value of industries above designated size increased by 6.2% over the previous year, and the growth rate was slow and stable. In terms of economic types, the added value of state-owned holding enterprises increased by 6.2%, that of collective enterprises decreased by 1.2%, that of joint-stock enterprises increased by 6.6%, and that of foreign-invested enterprises and enterprises invested by Hong Kong, Macao and Taiwan increased by 4.8%. In terms of three categories, the added value of mining industry increased by 2.3%, manufacturing industry increased by 6.5%, and power, heat, gas and water production and supply industry increased by 9.9%. The added value of high-tech manufacturing, strategic emerging industries and equipment manufacturing increased by 11.7%, 8.9% and 8.1% respectively over the previous year, and the growth rate was 5.5, 2.7 and 1.9 percentage points faster than that of industries above Designated Size respectively. The output of emerging industrial products increased rapidly. Railway passenger cars, microwave terminals, new energy vehicles, bio based chemical fibers, smart TVs, lithium-ion batteries and integrated circuits increased by 183.0%, 104.5%, 40.1%, 23.5%, 18.7%, 12.9% and 9.7% respectively. In December, the added value of industries above designated size increased by 5.7% year-on-year, 0.3 percentage points faster than that of the previous month, and 0.54% month on month.
From January to November, industrial enterprises above Designated Size achieved a total profit of 6116.9 billion yuan, a year-on-year increase of 11.8%; The profit margin of main business income of Industrial Enterprises above designated size was 6.48%, an increase of 0.16 percentage points over the same period of last year.
3、 The service industry maintained rapid development and remained in the boom range
Throughout the year, the national service industry production index increased by 7.7% over the previous year, maintaining a rapid growth. Among them, information transmission, software and information technology services, leasing and business services increased by 37.0% and 10.1% respectively. In December, the national service industry production index increased by 7.3% year-on-year, an increase of 0.1 percentage points over the previous month. From January to November, the operating revenue of service enterprises above designated size increased by 11.5% year-on-year. Among them, the operating revenue of strategic emerging service enterprises, science and technology service enterprises and high-tech service enterprises increased by 14.9%, 15.0% and 13.4% year-on-year respectively; The operating profit of service enterprises above designated size increased by 5.7%.
In December, the business activity index of the service industry was 52.3%, in the boom range. The business activity indexes of railway transportation, telecommunications, radio and television and satellite transmission services, monetary and financial services, insurance and other financial industries are all in the high boom range of more than 60.0%. From the perspective of market expectations, the expected index of business activities in the service industry was 60.2%, an increase of 0.6 percentage points over the previous month.
4、 Market sales grew steadily and rapidly, and the proportion of online retail increased significantly
The total retail sales of social consumer goods in the whole year was 38098.7 billion yuan, an increase of 9.0% over the previous year, maintaining a rapid growth. Among them, the retail sales of consumer goods per unit above the designated size reached 14531.1 billion yuan, an increase of 5.7%. According to the location of business units, the retail sales of urban consumer goods reached 32563.7 billion yuan, an increase of 8.8%; The retail sales of rural consumer goods reached 5535 billion yuan, an increase of 10.1%. By consumption type, the catering revenue was 4271.6 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5%; Retail sales of goods totaled 338271 billion yuan, an increase of 8.9%. Consumption upgrading commodities grew rapidly. The annual growth rate of retail sales of cosmetics, household appliances, audio-visual equipment and communication equipment of units above the quota was 3.9, 3.2 and 1.4 percentage points higher than that of social consumer goods above the quota. In December, the total retail sales of social consumer goods increased by 8.2% year-on-year and 0.55% month on month.
In the whole year, the national online retail sales reached 9006.5 billion yuan, an increase of 23.9% over the previous year. Among them, the online retail sales of physical goods reached 7019.8 billion yuan, an increase of 25.4%, accounting for 18.4% of the total retail sales of social consumer goods, an increase of 3.4 percentage points over the previous year; The online retail sales of non physical goods reached 1986.7 billion yuan, an increase of 18.7%.
5、 Investment growth was slow and stable, and the growth rate of manufacturing investment and private investment accelerated
In the whole year, the national fixed asset investment (excluding farmers) was 63563.6 billion yuan, an increase of 5.9% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 0.5 percentage points faster than that in the first three quarters. Among them, private investment was 39405.1 billion yuan, an increase of 8.7%, 2.7 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. By industry, the investment in the primary industry increased by 12.9%, 1.1 percentage points higher than that of the previous year; The investment in the secondary industry increased by 6.2% and accelerated by 3.0 percentage points, of which the investment in the manufacturing industry increased by 9.5% and accelerated by 4.7 percentage points; Investment in the tertiary industry increased by 5.5%, of which infrastructure investment increased by 3.8%. Investment in high-tech manufacturing and equipment manufacturing increased by 16.1% and 11.1% respectively over the previous year, 6.6 and 1.6 percentage points faster than that in manufacturing respectively. In December, fixed asset investment increased by 0.42% month on month. In the whole year, the national investment in real estate development was 12026.4 billion yuan, an increase of 9.5% over the previous year. The sales area of commercial houses nationwide was 1716.54 million square meters, an increase of 1.3%, of which the sales area of residential houses increased by 2.2%. The sales of commercial housing in China reached 149973 billion yuan, an increase of 12.2%, of which the sales of residential housing increased by 14.7%.
6、 The total import and export volume reached a record high and the trade structure was continuously optimized
The total import and export volume of goods in the whole year was 30505 billion yuan, an increase of 9.7% over the previous year; The total volume of trade exceeded 30 trillion yuan for the first time, a record high; The goal of quantity growth, structural optimization and stable and good import and export has been well realized. Among them, the export was 16417.7 billion yuan, an increase of 7.1%; Imports reached 14087.4 billion yuan, an increase of 12.9%. The trade surplus was 233.3 billion yuan, down 18.3% from the previous year. The import and export of general trade accounted for 57.8% of the total import and export, an increase of 1.4 percentage points over the previous year. The export of mechanical and electrical products increased by 7.9%, accounting for 58.8% of the total export, an increase of 0.4 percentage points over the previous year. China's imports and exports to major trading partners increased in an all-round way, and imports and exports to the EU, the United States and ASEAN increased by 7.9%, 5.7% and 11.2% respectively; With one belt, one road, one belt, one road, the other countries along the way grew 13.3%, which was 3.6 percentage points higher than the total import and export volume. In the whole year, industrial enterprises above Designated Size achieved an export delivery value of 12393.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.5% over the previous year.
7、 Consumer prices rose moderately, while industrial producer prices fell
The annual consumer price rose by 2.1% over the previous year, in a moderate range, lower than the expected target of about 3%. Among them, urban rose by 2.1% and rural rose by 2.1%. By category, food, tobacco and alcohol prices rose by 1.9%, clothing by 1.2%, housing by 2.4%, daily necessities and services by 1.6%, transportation and communication by 1.7%, education, culture and entertainment by 2.2%, medical care by 4.3% and other supplies and services by 1.2%. Among the prices of food, tobacco and alcohol, the price of grain increased by 0.8%, the price of pork decreased by 8.1%, and the price of fresh vegetables increased by 7.1%. The core CPI excluding food and energy prices rose by 1.9%, down 0.3 percentage points from the previous year. In December, consumer prices rose by 1.9% year-on-year, unchanged from the previous month. In the whole year, the ex factory price of industrial producers increased by 3.5% over the previous year, down 2.8 percentage points from the previous year; In December, it increased by 0.9% year-on-year and decreased by 1.0% month on month. In the whole year, the purchase price of industrial producers increased by 4.1% over the previous year, increased by 1.6% year-on-year in December, and decreased by 0.9% month on month.
8、 The employment situation remained stable, and the urban unemployment rate fell
In the whole year, 13.61 million new urban jobs were created, 100000 more than the previous year, maintained at more than 13 million for six consecutive years, and achieved 123.7% of the annual target. In December, the national urban unemployment rate was 4.9%, down 0.1 percentage points from the same month last year. In 2018, the national urban survey unemployment rate remained between 4.8% and 5.1%, achieving the expected target of less than 5.5%. In December, the unemployment rate in 31 major cities and towns was 4.7%, down 0.2 percentage points from the same month last year. Among them, the unemployment rate of 25-59 years old population survey of the main employment groups in China was 4.4%, the same as that of the previous month. At the end of the year, there were 775.86 million employed people in China, of which 434.19 million were employed in cities and towns. The total number of migrant workers in the whole year was 288.36 million, an increase of 1.84 million or 0.6% over the previous year. Among them, there were 115.7 million local migrant workers, an increase of 0.9%; There were 172.66 million migrant workers, an increase of 0.5%. The average monthly income of migrant workers was 3721 yuan, an increase of 6.8% over the previous year.
9、 The income and consumption of residents grew steadily, and the income and expenditure of rural residents grew faster than that of urban residents
Throughout the year, the per capita disposable income of residents in China was 28228 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.7% over the previous year, and a real increase of 6.5% after deducting price factors, which was faster than the growth rate of per capita GDP and basically synchronized with economic growth. By permanent residence, the per capita disposable income of urban residents was 39251 yuan, a nominal increase of 7.8% over the previous year, and a real increase of 5.6% after deducting price factors; The per capita disposable income of rural residents was 14617 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.8% over the previous year, and a real increase of 6.6% after deducting price factors. The per capita income difference between urban and rural residents was 2.69, 0.02 less than that of the previous year. The median per capita disposable income of residents in China was 24336 yuan, an increase of 8.6% in nominal terms over the previous year. Grouped according to the five equal incomes of the national residents, the per capita disposable income of the low-income group is 6440 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the lower middle income group is 14361 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the middle-income group is 23189 yuan, the per capita disposable income of the upper middle income group is 36471 yuan, and the per capita disposable income of the high-income group is 70640 yuan.
In the whole year, the per capita consumption expenditure of residents was 19853 yuan, a nominal increase of 8.4% over the previous year, and the growth rate was 1.3 percentage points faster than that of the previous year; Excluding price factors, the real growth was 6.2%, 0.8 percentage points higher than that of the previous year. Among them, the per capita consumption expenditure of urban residents was 26112 yuan, a nominal increase of 6.8%, 0.9 percentage points higher than that of the previous year; The per capita consumption expenditure of rural residents was 12124 yuan, a nominal increase of 10.7%, 2.6 percentage points higher than that of the previous year.
10、 The supply side structural reform was further promoted, and the trend of economic transformation and upgrading continued
Solid progress was made in the key task of "three going, one reducing and one making up". De productivity side