When summer comes, many people like to avoid the heat of summer in the cool river or lake water. However, at this time, drowning incidents happen frequently. It is even more regrettable that many people do not know how to save themselves and each other, which leads to tragedy. Therefore, drowning is to learn the common sense of first aid, which can save lives in critical moments. Let's look at the common sense of first aid for drowning.
People drown in the water, water and debris fill the respiratory tract and alveoli, causing hypoxia and asphyxia is called drowning or drowning. The death caused by the cessation of breath and heart beat is called drowning.
In fact, drowning can be divided into dry drowning and wet drowning.
Dry drowning refers to people's laryngospasm caused by strong stimulation (panic, fear, sudden cold, etc.) after entering the water, resulting in complete obstruction of respiratory tract and asphyxia. When laryngospasm occurs, the heart can be stopped reflexively. It can also be stopped because of asphyxia and myocardial hypoxia. According to the composition of water during drowning, wet drowning can be divided into fresh water drowning and sea water drowning. However, no matter what kind of water is, the drowned person may cause harm to human body or even endanger life through certain functions after being inhaled into the body.
No matter what causes drowning, it will cause hypoxia and brain edema. Lung infection can occur when respiratory tract inhales sewage. The deterioration of the condition may lead to acute respiratory distress syndrome, disseminated intravascular coagulation, acute renal failure and other complications. Therefore, the correct first aid is very important to save the life of the drowning person.
Save oneself
It is very important for those who are not familiar with water nature or enter water by mistake to actively carry out self rescue. First of all, don't panic after falling into the water. Keep your head clear. The specific method is to take an upward position, with the head backward and the mouth upward, so as to make the mouth and nose out of the water as much as possible, so as to be able to breathe. When breathing, exhale shallowly, inhale shallowly, then can make the body float on the water surface, waits for others to rescue. Never raise your hand or struggle, because it is easy to sink.
If a swimmer drowns due to calf gastrocnemius spasm (cramp), he / she should calm down and call for help in time. At the same time, I should hold my body together, float up to the water surface, take a deep breath, and then immerse my face in the water, and lift the thumb of the cramped (cramped) lower limbs forward and upward with force, so that the thumb can stand up and continue to use force until the sharp pain disappears, and the spasm will stop.
Mutual rescue
The rescuer should keep calm, take off the outer clothes and trousers as much as possible, especially take off the shoes and boots, and swim to the vicinity of the drowning person quickly. For the exhausted drowner, the rescuer can approach from the head; for the sober drowner, the rescuer should approach from the back, hold the head and neck of the drowner with one hand from the back, and grasp the arm of the drowner with the other hand to swim to the shore. During rescue, attention shall be paid to prevent the drowned person from clinging to the body and both of them are in danger. If they are held, they shall let go and sink, so that the drowned person's hands can be released for rescue.
Medical first aid
1. Remove muck, weeds and vomitus from the mouth and nose, and open the airway. Then place the abdomen of the drowning person on the knee bending thigh of the rescuer, head down, press the back to force the water in the respiratory tract and stomach to pour out, but do not delay the recovery due to the long pouring time.
2. For those with respiratory and cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation should be carried out quickly, mouth to mouth breathing and chest external cardiac compression should be carried out as soon as possible, and the air volume should be large when mouth to mouth breathing.
3. For fresh water drowning, use 500ml of 3% normal saline; for sea water drowning, use 500ml to 1000ml of 5% glucose or 500ml of dextran. In addition, glucocorticoids can prevent and treat brain edema, pulmonary edema, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and reduce hemolytic reaction.