Recently, on the one hand, the business represented by the 'down payment loan' has been suspended. On the other hand, the 'crowdfunding real estate speculation' launched by institutions has become lively again, inciting investors not to miss the last bus of 'making a fortune' before the property market crash.
Traditional crowdfunding to buy a house usually involves several friends and acquaintances raising money to buy a house together and selling it after appreciation to obtain income. However, with the rise of Internet platforms, more people can participate. Some internet financial platforms claim that thousands of yuan can be invested, with a return of more than 30%.
Although it is called crowdfunding to buy a house, the specific operation mode is different. Most investors are only concerned about the yield, so what types of 'crowdfunding real estate speculation' are there, and what is its right and wrong?
What the hell is' crowdfunding real estate speculation '?
It is understood that the so-called 'crowdfunding' to buy a house is that several friends collect the down payment and prepare the monthly funds for about two years. We sign a contract to buy a house in the name of one of them. It is agreed that when the house price rises to a certain point, the profits will be distributed according to the proportion of capital contribution. The extreme of joint real estate speculation is' building package ', that is, some powerful investors will hold together. After they are optimistic about a new real estate, they negotiate with the developer to contract the whole building at a certain price and keep them to sell slowly.
What are the common types of 'crowdfunding real estate speculation'?
Type I: marketing crowdfunding initiated by developers
Marketing crowdfunding is often initiated by developers. For example, the crowdfunding launched by Vanke and ocean real estate for the purpose of real estate marketing uses strong preferential activities to attract investors to buy houses. Investors who can't buy houses will get part of the return. This crowdfunding method is somewhat similar to group purchase, and most of the concessions come from the profit transfer of developers and cooperative enterprises.
Type 2: acquaintances operate 'crowdfunding real estate speculation'
Miss Wang, who works in Shenzhen, saw that house prices were rising. Last year, she and several friends raised money to buy a house and invest in the cities around Shenzhen. 'we bought it together with several friends, because we are acquaintances and operate on the basis of trust.'
Miss Wang said that although they are acquaintances, they have also signed very strict contracts during operation, and there are specific agreements. They mainly operate according to their share, 50000 yuan a share. Each person can contribute to buy one or several copies, and then put the real estate under the names of several people. They plan to hold it for about three years, but they may also make adjustments according to the changes of house prices and market conditions, For example, when more than half of the people who hold the property agree to sell, they will choose the time to sell.
Crowdfunding among friends is a common way to buy a house. An Internet financier in Shenzhen said that in fact, this model has always existed, but this model is operated by acquaintances, and the operation space is relatively limited.
Type 3: real estate crowdfunding based on Internet platform
In addition to the acquaintance model, the rise of Internet platforms also gives ordinary investors more possibilities. Over the past period of time, the Internet-based real estate crowdfunding has received very high attention from the industry. For ordinary investors, the starting point is not high, and there are many modes. Some obtain relatively fixed income through investment share, and some obtain floating income after real estate appreciation after a certain period of time.
In terms of the fixed income model, the target population is relatively closer to ordinary home buyers. Take a real estate crowdfunding platform in Foshan as an example. The crowdfunding projects released on the platform start from 1000 yuan. After investment, the investment income of some shopping malls and shops can be obtained, and the investment period is locked for 3 ~ 24 months respectively.
According to the official website of the platform, its specific operation mode is only open to intended buyers in the first stage. Participants subscribe for shares according to the requirements of crowdfunding projects to obtain the corresponding proportion of rights and interests of the real estate. Those who subscribe for the highest share obtain the real estate property right, and can obtain the corresponding income at the same time as other participants. The second stage is open to the whole network. The remaining crowdfunding share (if any) in the first stage can be open to all platform investors to participate in investment, and investors can obtain corresponding income.
Surprise! The income of some floating income models is 70%
Compared with the fixed income model, the operation mode of the floating income platform 'real estate speculation' means obvious. It is understood that at present, the income of such real estate crowdfunding projects mainly comes from house price premium income. According to the introduction of some platforms, the platform will organize a team to conduct on-site investigation and evaluation. Although the income of investors is not guaranteed at present, the income of several projects is more than 30%, and the highest is even more than 70%.
In addition, there are some "crowdfunding real estate speculation" modes on the wechat platform, and the threshold can be as high as one million yuan. According to previous reports in Yangcheng Evening News, one is called '& times& times;& times; The wechat platform of "entrepreneurial community" released information that since the investment of 1 million, the operation team is specially responsible for real estate speculation. The person in charge of the platform claimed that the real estate speculation operation team did not handle funds and property rights, and the profit or loss investors and operators were divided by 73.
At present, the risks of real estate crowdfunding mainly come from the following aspects.
First, cyclical risk.
At present, China's real estate market is a market dominated by investment. In this market situation, the market supply and demand, price formation mechanism and operation mechanism are fundamentally different from the market dominated by consumption. If the market expectation is reversed, the housing market will start periodic adjustment. Although investors' expectation of the housing market is still good in the short term, in the long run, this risk is inevitable as an investment product.
Secondly, the risk of platform running.
At present, the law does not have a clear concept of crowdfunding, and there is no legal guarantee for crowdfunding to buy a house. Once a loss occurs, or the platform boss runs away for other reasons, it will cause irreparable losses to investors. On February 16, 2016, a senior manager of Xinqi asset platform for real estate investment was taken away by the police, and the 1.9 billion fund could not be cashed, which was a wake-up call for consumers who wanted to enter the real estate crowdfunding test.
Finally, the most important risk point of real estate crowdfunding comes from policy and legal risks.
Take 'crowdfunding real estate speculation' as an example. Strictly speaking, the crowdfunding real estate speculation platform is essentially a kind of 'pseudo crowdfunding'. All along, crowdfunding real estate speculation has been walking on the edge of the law. To some extent, it has met the requirements of publicizing through the website, promising principal and interest and absorbing funds from the public without the approval of relevant departments. It has been suspected of illegal fund-raising. However, in current practice, crowdfunding to buy a house directly initiated by individual investors and only promising the expected way in platform publicity can not constitute the elements of illegal fund-raising, which does not belong to illegal fund-raising. At this stage, China's supervision related to crowdfunding is still missing. In contrast, the United States issued jobs act in 2012, which makes clear provisions on investor qualification, project equity relationship, operation specifications, risks and benefits in crowdfunding projects. For real estate crowdfunding, not only should investors do their homework, but regulation should also not fall behind, but how to avoid the situation of "no matter what, one tube will die" is a challenge for policy makers and market participants.