Diabetes mellitus is a group of common metabolic endocrine diseases, which can be divided into primary and secondary. The former accounts for the vast majority, with genetic tendency. Diabetes has become an immortal cancer. So why do people get diabetes? The following is Xiaobian's diabetes related knowledge, welcome to read.
&Click on the next page to see why you have diabetes
1. The factors related to type 1 diabetes are as follows
Autoimmune system defect: because a variety of autoimmune antibodies can be found in the blood of patients with type 1 diabetes, such as glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody (GAD antibody), islet cell antibody (ICA antibody), etc. These abnormal autoantibodies can damage the insulin secreting B cells of human islets, making them unable to normally secrete insulin.
Genetic factors: current studies suggest that genetic defect is the basis of type 1 diabetes, which is manifested in the HLA antigen abnormality of the sixth pair of human chromosomes. Scientists' research suggests that type I diabetes has the characteristics of familial onset - if your parents have diabetes, then you are more likely to suffer from it than people without such a family history.
Viral infection may be the cause: to your surprise, many scientists suspect that viruses can also cause type I diabetes. This is because patients with type I diabetes often get virus infection in a period of time before the onset, and the 'epidemic' of type I diabetes often appears after the virus epidemic. Viruses, such as those that cause mumps and rubella, and the coxsackievirus family that causes polio, can all play a role in type I diabetes.
Other factors: milk, oxygen free radicals, some rodenticides, etc. whether these factors can cause diabetes, scientists are studying.
2. Factors related to type 2 diabetes mellitus
Genetic factors: similar to type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes has the characteristics of familial onset. Therefore, it may be related to gene inheritance. This genetic trait is more pronounced in type 2 diabetes than in type 1 diabetes. For example, if one twin has type 1 diabetes, the other has a 40% chance of developing it; but if it's type 2 diabetes, the other has a 70% chance of developing it.
Obesity: an important factor in type 2 diabetes may be obesity. Genetic causes can cause obesity, but also can cause type 2 diabetes. People with body centered obesity, whose excess fat is concentrated in the abdomen, are more likely to develop type 2 diabetes than those with fat concentrated in the hips and thighs.
Age: age is also a risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Half of the patients with type 2 diabetes developed after 55 years old. Elderly patients are prone to diabetes, and older people are prone to overweight.
Modern lifestyle: eating high calorie food and less exercise can also cause diabetes, some people think it is also caused by obesity. Obesity, like type 2 diabetes, is more common among Asian American and Latin American businessmen whose diet and activity habits have been 'westernized'.
3. Factors related to gestational diabetes mellitus
Hormone abnormality: during pregnancy, the placenta will produce a variety of hormones for fetal development and growth. These hormones are very important for the healthy growth of the fetus, but they can block the role of insulin in the mother's body, thus causing diabetes. The peak period of these hormones is from the 24th to the 28th cycle of pregnancy, which is also the frequent occurrence time of gestational diabetes mellitus.
Genetic basis: Patients with gestational diabetes have a high risk of developing type 2 diabetes in the future (but not with type 1 diabetes). Therefore, some people think that the genes that cause gestational diabetes and the genes that cause type 2 diabetes may be related to each other.
Obesity: obesity is not only easy to cause type 2 diabetes, but also gestational diabetes.
4. Hyperglycemia
Hyperglycemia: the cause of diabetes, diabetic nephropathy is closely related to hyperglycemia, poor glycemic control can accelerate the occurrence and development of diabetic nephropathy, good glycemic control can significantly delay its development. After hyperglycemia and advanced glycation end products increased, mesangial cells proliferated, extracellular matrix increased, mesangial dilation, glomerular basement membrane thickened and so on.
Other causes were as follows
Hyperthyroidism and diabetes
(1) Hyperthyroidism causes diabetes: thyroid hormone can antagonize the effect of insulin. In hyperthyroidism, the content of hyperphysiological thyroid hormone has stronger antagonistic effect on insulin, and can promote the absorption of intestinal glucose and promote gluconeogenesis, thus causing the increase of blood glucose and leading to diabetes. This kind of diabetes is caused by hyperthyroidism, so it can be called secondary diabetes. After the condition of hyperthyroidism is controlled, without hypoglycemic drug treatment, the blood glucose can completely return to normal.
(2) Hyperthyroidism and diabetes coexist: both hyperthyroidism and diabetes are related to familial heredity. The genetic defects of these two diseases often occur on the same pair of chromosomes, so they may be linked together and passed on to the offspring. Clinically, it is not uncommon for two diseases to occur in one patient at the same time. This type of diabetes is primary, not secondary to hyperthyroidism. After the control of hyperthyroidism, diabetes still exists, without the treatment of hyperglycemic drugs, blood glucose can not be reduced to normal. However, hyperthyroidism can aggravate diabetes and further increase blood sugar, so it is also very important to control hyperthyroidism to reduce diabetes.
Diabetes prevention: develop good habits
1、 Do not overeat, regular life, eat slowly, eat more vegetables, try not to eat in a short period of time containing glucose, sucrose large amount of food, this can prevent the rapid rise of blood sugar in a short period of time, help to protect pancreatic function, especially friends with a history of diabetes must remember!
2、 Regular sex life, to prevent infectious diseases; do not eat too much antibiotics. Some viral infections and excessive antibiotics can induce diabetes.
3、 Friends with abnormal glucose tolerance or family history of diabetes can prevent the occurrence of diabetes to the maximum extent: take nicotinamide, VB1, VB6, and methyl VB12 (Mecobalamin) for three months every year to enhance pancreatic function; take VC and VE for half a month when the seasons change, and the dosage should be large, so as to improve self immunity and eliminate free radicals. (you can also inject VB12 intramuscularly two times a year, two weeks a time, one a day, which is very economical!)
4、 More exercise, less stay up late.
Diabetes is a common disease, there are about 20-30 million patients with diabetes in our country. So far, this disease can not be cured, but can be well controlled. If under the guidance of specialists, the current three basic therapies, including diet, exercise and hypoglycemic drugs, are properly used, and life-long treatment is carried out, the vast majority of patients can live, work and live like normal people. From the epidemiological data, if the control of fasting blood glucose ＜ 7.2mmol/l (130mg / dl), postprandial blood glucose ＜ 8.9mmol/l (160mg / dl), glycosylated hemoglobin ＜ 8%, complications rarely occur, it is also an effective measure to delay its occurrence and development. Therefore, patients with diabetes must strictly control hyperglycemia and adhere to the principle of reaching the treatment standard, which is the fundamental guarantee for the treatment of diabetes.
5、 Can diabetics eat sugar
This is relatively speaking, the fact that diabetics can't eat sugar means that they can't directly eat sucrose and glucose in their daily diet. In fact, fructose can be eaten. The decomposition of fructose doesn't need the participation of insulin. The main component of honey is fructose. Eating some honey can help diabetics.
6、 Reduce alcohol and tobacco consumption:
Smoking is harmful to health, and even less conducive to the prevention of diabetes. Tobacco contains a lot of nicotine, which can stimulate the secretion of adrenaline, a substance that increases blood sugar. Drinking has adverse effects on cardiovascular system and nervous system, and also has serious harm to the prevention of diabetes. Drinking should be appropriately restricted.
7、 Appropriate selenium supplement. Selenium is the active component of glutathione peroxidase, which can prevent the oxidative damage of islet beta; cells, make them function normally, promote sugar metabolism, reduce blood sugar and urine sugar. Doctors can protect and restore the function of pancreatic islets by giving patients with diabetes a quantitative dose of selenium, which is conducive to improving the symptoms of diabetes and reducing the levels of glucose and hemoglobin in urine. Therefore, it is said that selenium is the 'insulin' of trace elements. Ti Heng Jian, Se Wei Kang and Se rich malt are the first choice for Se supplement.