Sihai entertainment news: haze is a combination of fog and haze. Haze is common in cities. Do you know how haze is formed? The following are the main causes of haze collected and sorted out by Xiaobian. Let's have a look! The sources of haze are various, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, construction dust, garbage incineration, and even volcanic eruption. Haze weather is usually formed by the mixing of multiple pollution sources. However, in the haze weather in different regions, the effects of different pollution sources are different.
≫ & gt; & gt; click on the next page to see why haze occurs
There are various sources of haze, such as automobile exhaust, industrial emissions, construction dust, garbage incineration, and even volcanic eruption. Haze weather is usually formed by the mixing of multiple pollution sources. However, in the haze weather in different regions, the effects of different pollution sources are different.
Haze weather has existed since ancient times. Slash and burn cultivation, volcanic eruption and other human activities or natural phenomena may lead to haze weather. However, it is only after human beings enter the fossil fuel era that haze weather really threatens the living environment and health of human beings. The rapid industrialization and urbanization lead to the rapid consumption of energy, the high concentration of population, and the destruction of ecological environment, which foreshadows the formation of haze.
There are both 'source' and 'accomplice' in the formation of haze, which is the meteorological conditions that are not conducive to the diffusion of pollutants. Once the pollutants accumulate under the static meteorological conditions for a long time, it is easy to form haze weather. There are three elements in the formation of haze
The first is the physical source of particulate dust. In China, the largest loess plateau in the world, the soil texture is the most likely to generate particulate dust particles.
Second, poor movement causes dust. For example, if there is mud flowing to the road after rain or water splashing, a large amount of dust will be generated when the mud flows to the road after it dries up for an hour. Even if the particulate matter falls back to the ground, it will be thrown over the city again because of the continuous passing of cars.
Thirdly, the dust source and movement difference process gather in a certain space, and the particles and water molecular nodules finally gather into haze. At present, in more than 350 cities in the Loess Plateau region of China, the three elements of haze structure are quite abundant.
The main source of haze
First: it's car exhaust. Large vehicles that use diesel are the 'repeat offenders' of PM10 emissions, including buses, buses of various units, and large transport trucks. Sources of urban toxic particulate matter: first of all, automobile exhaust. Diesel vehicles are a 'repeat' of fine particulate emissions. Although small cars using gasoline emit gaseous pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides, they can easily be converted into secondary particulate pollutants in foggy days, which aggravate the haze.
Vehicle exhaust is the main component of haze particles. The latest data show that vehicle exhaust accounts for 22.2%, coal combustion accounts for 16.7%, dust accounts for 16.3%, and industry accounts for 15.7%. However, with the progress of automobile technology and the rise of oil quality, environmental managers find that vehicle exhaust does not play a decisive role in the formation of haze weather. However, as some cities with large car ownership, managers still need to control vehicle emission standards to avoid the formation of haze.
Second: in the north, the waste gas produced by burning coal for heating is coming in winter.
Third: waste gas from industrial production. For example, metallurgy, furnace and boiler, mechanical and electrical manufacturing industry, as well as a large number of automobile repair and painting, building materials production kiln combustion emissions.
Fourth: dust from construction sites and road traffic.
Fifth, the size of bacteria and viruses is equivalent to pm0.1-pm2.5. When the humidity and temperature in the air are appropriate, microorganisms will adhere to the particles, especially the particles of lampblack. After absorbing the oil droplets, the microorganisms will transform into more microorganisms, which will increase the growth of biological toxic substances in haze.
Sixthly, dust 'haze' will also be produced in home decoration. Indoor dust is diffuse, which not only harms the health of workers and users, but also increases the cleaning burden. When the dust is serious, it also brings many hidden dangers to the decoration project.
In addition to meteorological conditions, the increase of atmospheric particulate matter (including coarse particulate matter PM10 and fine particulate matter PM2.5) caused by industrial production, vehicle exhaust emissions, heating and burning coal in winter is an important factor for haze. Nowadays, the pollutant emission level of many cities has been at a critical point, which is very sensitive to meteorological conditions. Air quality can meet the standard when the diffusion conditions are good. Once adverse weather conditions are encountered, air quality and visibility will immediately decline.
Climate factors of haze formation
'& lsquo; fog & amp; haze & amp; is actually different. Fog refers to the weather phenomenon when the visibility is less than 1 km due to the condensation of suspended water vapor in the atmosphere; the formation of haze is mainly the result of a large number of suspended particles in the air and meteorological conditions
1、 In the horizontal direction, the phenomenon of static wind increases.
The higher the building is in the city, the blocking and friction effect makes the wind flow through the urban area obviously weakened. The increase of static wind is not conducive to the diffusion and dilution of suspended particles in the atmosphere, and it is easy to accumulate in the urban and suburban areas.
2、 Temperature inversion appears in the vertical direction.
The inversion layer is just like a pot cover covering the city. The temperature inversion phenomenon in the upper air is higher than that in the low altitude, which limits the vertical movement of the air in the lower atmosphere, and the suspended particles in the air are difficult to drift to the high altitude and are blocked in the low altitude and near the ground.
Third, the increase of suspended particulates and organic pollutants in the air. With the growth of urban population, industrial development and the rapid increase of motor vehicles, the emission of pollutants and suspended solids increase greatly.
The harm of haze
1. Fog or haze is a kind of disastrous weather, which has an important impact on roads, railways, aviation, shipping, power supply system, crop growth and so on. Fog and haze will cause air quality decline, affect the ecological environment, and bring great harm to human health.
2. In fog and haze weather, bacteria and viruses are often found in the air, which can easily lead to the spread of infectious diseases and the occurrence of various diseases.
3. Air pollutants in cities are not easy to diffuse, which aggravates the toxicity of sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides and other substances, endangering human health.
4. When encountering fog and haze weather in winter, if the air pollution is serious, it may form smoke (FOG) or black smoke and other toxic fog, which seriously threatens human life and health.
5. Due to the increase of air pollutants caused by human activities, the frequency and intensity of fog and haze in some areas such as industrial areas and urban centers in China are increasing.
Methods to prevent haze
The first move: knead 'Yingxiang'
In autumn and winter, haze weather is easy to cause cold. Kneading Yingxiang point has a certain effect on the elimination and prevention of cold symptoms. If we can insist on pressing Yingxiang point in daily life, it can also be used as a method to prevent cold in haze days. The specific location of Yingxiang acupoint is about one centimeter away from the wrinkles on both sides of our nose.
The specific method of kneading Yingxiang acupoint is: press the Yingxiang acupoint on both sides of the nose with the index fingers of both hands, and rub 36 times in clockwise and counterclockwise directions respectively, which will radiate to the forehead. According to traditional Chinese medicine, Yingxiang point is the place where the wind is felt on the body surface, and it is also the place where the wind stops. Frequent massage can dispel the wind on the head and face and disperse the cold on the top of the top, so as to enhance the ability to resist pathogens. Often rubbing Yingxiang point can promote the blood circulation around the nose, make Qi and blood smooth, external evil is not easy to invade the body, resist the invasion of bacteria.
The second move: diet moisten lung
The formation of haze is mainly the result of a large number of suspended particles in the air and meteorological conditions. From the perspective of health care, dietotherapy is worth advocating as an auxiliary preventive measure for such diseases.
From the point of view of traditional Chinese medicine, lily, pear and other foods have the function of moistening the lung. There are still differences between the traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. In traditional Chinese medicine, the lung refers to more than one organ. For example, traditional Chinese medicine holds that the lung governs the flow of water. More commonly, it refers to the function of lung qi in promoting and regulating the distribution and excretion of water and fluid throughout the body. "Moistening" is commonly understood as "moistening". According to traditional Chinese medicine, the lung is delicate, and moistening the lung is conducive to the health of the lung. Therefore, it is very helpful to eat more lung moistening foods such as lily, pear, yam, white radish, water chestnut and so on in haze days.
Exercise at home
Due to heavy air pollution, readers are not suitable to go out for exercise in haze and haze weather. For example, the character 呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬.
We should pay attention to the mouth shape characteristics of the character 呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬呬. With the pronunciation going on, it is necessary to cooperate with the movements of the limbs, such as lifting the hands from the front of the abdomen, gradually turning the palms upward until the two breasts are flat, turning the palms outward to form the palms, pointing the fingertips to the throat, and then unfolding the arms left and right to push the palms with wide chest, like a bird stretching its wings. Turn your palms and start to read the word "呬". When you exhale, your arms will fall naturally and fall to the side of your body. Repeat for six times and adjust your breath. During the whole process, abdominal breathing was used, first breathing and then inhaling. When you exhale, read the words and lift your anus at the same time. Move your weight naturally back to your heel. Be careful not to hold your breath. When inhaling, the lips close gently, the tongue reaches the palate, the whole body relaxes, the small abdomen rises naturally, and the air is inhaled naturally. When Qi is exhausted, the chest and abdomen are empty. The frequency of action should be consistent with your own breathing frequency. It should be gentle, stretch and natural. Do not use force.
The fourth move: herbal tea smoked eyes
Many readers will have this feeling. Once there is a haze day, as long as you stay outside for a little longer, you will have dry throat, astringent eyes, and redness, which is just one of the manifestations of haze damage to eyes. For example, chrysanthemum can clear the liver and eyes, wolfberry fruit can tonify kidney and eyesight, cassia seed can clear eyes and relieve constipation, green tea can clear heat. These traditional Chinese medicine and green tea smoked eyes are more beneficial to eye care in haze weather.
The specific method of herbal tea fumigation is basically the same as that of conventional tea making. After selecting the medicinal materials and tea leaves to be brewed according to the needs, soak them in boiling water and place them in front of your eyes while they are hot. The eyes are about three fingers away from the mouth of the cup. The eyes are fumigated with the hot gas of medicinal tea for about 5 minutes, and the degree is that the eyes can tolerate no discomfort. Herbal tea hot gas fumigation eye, not only has the physical wet hot compress function, but also helps to smooth the eye meridians, harmonize the eye Qi and blood, promote the eye local blood circulation, rapidly improve the metabolism and secretion function of the eye, relieve the discomfort symptoms and prevent the occurrence of eye diseases.