Sihai network

Why does lung cancer find women? What are the early symptoms of female lung cancer?

original title: Chinese women do not smoke, why does the number of lung cancer skyrocket?

Integration of the four seas network: lung cancer incidence rate and mortality rate has been the highest in many tumors. The most common cause of lung cancer smoking is usually related to men, so it has been called "male cancer". However, the incidence rate of lung cancer has been rising rapidly worldwide in recent years. Adeline Seow, a Singapore Cancer epidemiologist, said in the study of lung, "strangely, the smoking rate and lung cancer incidence rate are obviously disconnected, especially for China women."

Why Chinese women?

It is emphasized here that there is a reason for Chinese women. Although the social status of Chinese women has been improving for thousands of years, they have never really separated from the image of a housewife like the leading role in the kitchen. In addition to the particularity of Chinese diet structure and cooking methods (cooking with oil will produce a lot of lampblack), Chinese women bring all kinds of delicious dishes to their families, It also sucked up a lot of harmful fumes, which caused heavy damage to the lungs which had been seriously injured by second-hand smoke, and eventually caused a sharp increase in the incidence rate of lung cancer among China's women.

A British study has shown that cooking on a stove with poor ventilation and low combustion efficiency is equivalent to smoking two packs of cigarettes a day, which causes 1.6 million deaths worldwide every year. The report also points out that kitchen fumes can cause lung cancer, pneumonia and other respiratory diseases. The World Health Organization has given a clear response to the situation of lung cancer among Chinese women. Most of Chinese women do not smoke, but they are the high incidence population of lung cancer. That's why.

Statistics show that since 2000, the growth rate of female lung cancer patients in China is significantly higher than that of male, especially those over 40 years old, accounting for about 80%. Among them, more than 60% of the patients have long-term exposure to kitchen fumes, and their eyes and throat are often irritated by the smoke when cooking; 32% of the patients like to fry food with high temperature, and the kitchen doors and windows are closed, and the kitchen small environment is seriously polluted by lampblack; and 25% of the families have the kitchen connected to the bedroom, and the windows are rarely opened when cooking in winter, resulting in the inhalation of high temperature lampblack when sleeping.

What's the damage of lampblack? Tell you with numbers

1000 times

At present, the effective range of the range hood is only 45cm below the range hood, and the amount of toxic oil smoke emitted by the oil smoke that has not been extracted outside the effective range is 1000 times of that of a cigarette. The amount of toxic oil smoke inhaled in this environment every day is more than that of two packs of smoke in an hour.

100 times

Experts analyzed the oil smoke extracted from salad oil and found that the main carcinogens in the oil smoke were DNP (nitropolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons), lung cancer carcinogens. Housewives spend more than 100 times more time in the kitchen preparing a meal than in the outdoor fresh air.

1.4-3.8x

The traditional Chinese cooking habits of stir frying and high-temperature frying are very common. The volatile substances contained in the high-temperature oil smoke produced by crude rapeseed oil, soybean oil and corn oil are oxidized to pyrolyzed substances. Benzopyrene, butadiene and phenol in the high-temperature oil smoke have been proved to be mutagens and carcinogens. The exposure of kitchen oil smoke increases the risk of lung cancer by 1.4 to 3.8 times.

3.2-12.2x

Women who do not use exhaust devices in cooking increase their risk of lung cancer by 3.2 to 12.2 times, according to a study from Taiwan.

16%-20%

In addition to cooking oil smoke, coal-fired smoke is also a carcinogen easy to be ignored. It is understood that coal combustion is more common in rural areas of China, most of which is indoor coal combustion without ventilation. Smoke from incomplete combustion contains a large number of carcinogenic and mutagenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. It is estimated that about 16% to 20% of lung cancer is related to indoor coal combustion.

Many people know that to prevent lung cancer, they need to quit smoking or less exposure to second-hand smoke, but they often ignore the need for less exposure to lampblack. The smell of lampblack in the kitchen shows the virtuous of the hostess, but it has seriously damaged their health. In addition, the long incubation period of lung cancer and the promotion and confusion of various chronic lung diseases will aggravate the harm to women's health.

Experts from the international diagnosis and treatment center of Beijing Cancer Hospital & middot; Beijing new mileage Cancer Hospital suggest that in order to improve women's health, in addition to improving the kitchen environment, strengthening kitchen ventilation, and choosing cooking methods with less oil smoke, the best guarantee for their health is to carry out regular preventive screening of lung cancer.

How to do lung cancer preventive screening?

Cancer screening is not unfamiliar to all, the key is in a wide range of screening technology, which screening method for lung cancer can really do an effective and timely early screening, so as to greatly improve the clinical cure rate of patients.

Different from the routine physical examination, the early screening of cancer must follow the following principles:

● detect cancer before symptoms;

● small trauma and low side effects;

● intervention during follow-up can reduce cancer mortality;

● convenient implementation and reasonable cost.

Since the 1950s and 1960s, the diagnosis of lung cancer has gone through chest X-ray, sputum exfoliative cytology, fiberbronchoscope, thoracoscopy, mediastinoscopy and other interventional diagnosis in the middle and late 1970s, the development of low-dose spiral CT (LDCT) in the 1990s, and PET-CT with high price has appeared in the market in recent years. Which is the most effective way to detect early lung cancer?

Experts from middot; Beijing new mileage Cancer Hospital, the international diagnosis and treatment center of Beijing Cancer Hospital, said that after years of clinical medical verification, bronchoscopy, as the main diagnostic means of lung cancer, is not suitable for preventive screening. However, the specificity of FFB is only 33%, which is not suitable for early screening of lung cancer. Therefore, the current practice of lung cancer prevention screening is mainly chest radiology.

The radiology examination includes routine X-ray, LDCT, biomarker and PET-CT. As the most common lung cancer examination tool, X-ray is difficult to detect lung nodules less than 1 cm, which has little effect on the prevention of early lung cancer.

In terms of biomarker detection, the microarray and proteomic study of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), cell keratinocyte fragment antigen 21-1, CA19-9, CA125, CA15-3, squamous cell carcinoma antigen, etc. are only providing a new direction for early screening of lung cancer, and are still in the research stage. It can only be said that it may be effective in the future world.

PET-CT, which has become a new favorite in the market in recent years, is also not recommended for early screening of lung cancer. PET-CT is not only expensive, but also criticized for its radiation. More importantly, PET-CT is not suitable for all cancers. It is only an auxiliary detection method used when the pathology cannot be determined or the patient is not easy to get the pathology.

Low dose spiral CT (LDCT) is the key to lung cancer screening

LDCT is the most commonly used and effective clinical tool for lung cancer screening and early diagnosis.

First of all, LDCT is more sensitive than X-ray. The experimental early lung cancer action plan (ELCAP) study in the United States found that the LDCT findings of stage I lung cancer were six times higher than that of chest radiographs, and the largest diameter of these lung cancer nodules was 1cm.

Secondly, LDCT is noninvasive and fast. Under the current technical conditions, patients can complete the chest scan with breath holding for several seconds, and the radiation dose is only 3.3mV, which is equivalent to the total radiation of a person's natural environment throughout the year. Especially in the high-risk group of smoking, low-dose spiral CT screening can reduce the mortality of lung cancer patients by about 20%.

Comprehensive screening, zero radiation care

Middot; Beijing new mileage Cancer Hospital, the international diagnosis and treatment center of Beijing Cancer Hospital, aims at the comprehensive screening and evaluation of lung cancer, including low-dose spiral CT, tumor markers, lung function, etc., to comprehensively and deeply screen lung tumors from cells, proteins, molecules to the subtle parts of the body. With the help of low-dose spiral CT, micro lung cancer with diameter of & lt; 0.5cm can be detected accurately, and the detection rate of early lung cancer is as high as 80%.

Inspection item description (click the picture to view the large picture)

There is a common misconception about low dose spiral CT, that the X-ray radiation of CT scan will cause harm to human body. In fact, low-dose spiral CT is different from conventional CT. By reducing tube current and tube voltage and thin-layer reconstruction, the advantages of rapid scanning speed, low dose and high detection rate are highlighted. The scanning radiation dose is significantly lower than conventional CT. Since the mid-1990s, several universities and research institutions in Japan and the United States have started the application research of low-dose spiral CT. At present, the application of low-dose spiral CT in global medicine has been quite mature and greatly improved.

Middot; Beijing new mileage Cancer Hospital, the international diagnosis and treatment center of Beijing Cancer Hospital, introduces the world's leading Siemens 64 row spiral CT with fast scanning speed, high image quality, extremely low radiation dose and large coverage. The super-high spatial resolution, time resolution and powerful three-dimensional post-processing function provide more accurate diagnosis basis for clinical treatment. On the premise of noninvasive and radiation-free, from the perspective of preventive medicine, aiming at the cancer risk that people are most afraid of, and hard to predict and bear, at the same time, the high-definition image and rich contrast of CT can accurately screen out quite small early lesions before any clinical symptoms and early warning signals are sent out in the physical health, so as to truly achieve the early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment of lung cancer The purpose of the treatment.

There is no doubt about the value of early diagnosis and treatment of cancer. Accurate preventive screening and early diagnosis are very important for the survival rate of cancer after treatment. Low dose spiral CT not only can accurately detect the early canceration of patients, but also has the characteristics of extremely low radiation dose, zero damage, simple operation, low misdiagnosis and missed diagnosis rate. It is very important for the early screening of lung cancer, especially for the early diagnosis and treatment of female lung cancer patients caused by kitchen oil fume, which is easily ignored by people.

Once "pulmonary nodule" is found in the international diagnosis and treatment center of Beijing Tumor Hospital & middot; Beijing new mileage Tumor Hospital, further diagnosis and treatment can be carried out at that time. The whole diagnosis and treatment process is jointly formulated by multi-disciplinary experts. According to different situations, follow-up (2 months, half a year, 1 year) and pathological diagnosis (CT guided percutaneous puncture, fiberoptic bronchoscopy puncture, mediastinoscopy puncture) are needed. For malignant tumor patients, multi-disciplinary treatment programs such as thoracoscopic minimally invasive surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, gene targeting, biological immunity, etc. are available. Beijing new mileage tumor hospital provides you with one-stop service!

Authoritative expert

Liu Huiping

President of Beijing new mileage Tumor Hospital

Taiwan minimally invasive thoracic surgery Senior Specialist, chief physician, Professor

International famous minimally invasive thoracoscopy expert

Expertise:

Thoracoscopic surgery, lung cancer and minimally invasive thoracic surgery, lung emphysema and lung volume reduction surgery, pneumothorax and pulmonary bullae surgery, palmar hyperhidrosis, resection of pulmonary nodules, minimally invasive thymus surgery.

Visit time: Tuesday and Thursday morning every week

Li Xiuhua

Chief physician, deputy director of Oncology Department of Beijing new mileage Cancer Hospital senior expert member of palliative treatment Committee of Beijing Branch of China anti cancer association standing member of cancer pain Professional Committee of China branch of world Physicians Association

Expertise:

Chemotherapy, endocrinotherapy, targeted therapy and biological immunotherapy for lung cancer, breast cancer and digestive tract tumor, for the middle and late stage of tumor