The infection rate of varicella is 90%. During the nursing process, it should be noted that varicella is an acute infectious disease caused by varicella zoster virus. It is transmitted through respiratory droplets and contact with varicella herpetic fluid. Patients are the main source of infection. From the beginning of the disease to the end of the rash, the whole process is infectious, with an infection rate of more than 90%, but the disease is a self limiting disease, which can be immunized for life after a disease.
Infants and children are vulnerable to varicella. In general, the incubation period of varicella is 10 to 21 days. At first, there will be no obvious symptoms, such as mild fever, sore throat, general discomfort, muscle ache and other symptoms, which are difficult for parents to find. However, varicella develops rapidly. After 1-2 days of onset (fever), it enters the eruption stage. Small red spots will appear on the child's body and become papules, herpes and scab after a few hours. Papules, herpes and scab will appear in batches on the skin of the whole body, which are distributed to the heart shape, mainly on the trunk, and relatively few limbs.
When the head of the family finds out that the child is infected with varicella, it is not necessary to be too alarmed. He should go to a doctor as soon as possible. He cannot go to kindergarten or school again, so as not to infect other children. In the process of nursing, parents should pay attention to the following four points:
Chicken pox can't be touched
Varicella often accompanied by fever symptoms, do not let children scratch rash, so as to avoid secondary infection. Even if children feel pain and itch, they should not be squeezed and pinched with their hands. Otherwise, local bacterial infection, cellulitis, sepsis and septicemia may be caused.
Disinfection should be done well
During the onset of the disease, special attention should be paid to the cleaning of children's skin. Clean wipes can be used to wipe around the affected area. If there is damage to the skin, it can be applied locally with Jieer iodine or purple potion. Tableware, toys, clothes and personal articles used by children should be cleaned and disinfected in time to avoid secondary infection. Parents should wash their hands frequently.
Diet should be light
Chickenpox is the same as other heat diseases. Parents should not eat spicy food. Parents should let their children drink boiled water more, eat easily digestible liquid food, eat more fresh fruits, and supplement vitamins.
Isolation to seven days after visit
The course of varicella should last for 10-14 days, and the children should be isolated until 7 days after all the herpes scabs or eruption.
Conclusion: in the face of the coming high incidence period of varicella, not only children should pay attention to it, but also adults should take precautions. The symptoms of varicella in adults may be more obvious and more serious. If not treated in time, it may be life-threatening. Please do a good job in prevention, so as not to win!