No need to ask the doctor about urine routine Teach you to understand the physical examination report in seconds. First, ask you: are you often scared when you get the physical examination report? Once you see the "occult blood" positive on the examination sheet, you will think you have urinated blood. Once you see the "urine protein" has a + problem, you will see the "bacteria number" has the number of bacteria, you will think you are infected. At the same time, some people think this test is a little chicken ribs? It's simply dry If it's crispy, don't do it I know you have these thoughts. The doctors in nephrology are crying, OK? Now, let's talk about the importance of urine routine and how to read and understand the checklist. Don't scare yourself!
How important is urinalysis?
Urine routine test is one of the three routine tests, the so-called "routine" and "three major", which not only shows the universality of this test, but also shows the importance of this test. The three routine tests include blood routine, stool routine and urine routine. Many people know that blood routine is very important, but stool routine and urine routine are often ignored, and even many physical examinations do not have urine routine.
The results of urine routine examination can be obtained within half an hour after the sample is sent for examination. It can not only detect early renal diseases, but also screen the urinary system and diabetes. You probably also know that there are many patients with diabetes and urinary system diseases, so how important it is to have a routine urine test!!!
How to look at the checklist? First, let's see what the urine routine mainly includes: it can be divided into three parts: appearance, chemical analysis and visible component analysis.
1、 Appearance
It is essential for us to look at the color of our urine every day. There is also a description of the appearance in the urine routine. Yes, it is normal to have a light yellow color, clear and transparent. If there is any change in the urine color (such as light red color, wash meat color), please see the doctor as soon as possible!
In addition to the color of urine routine, there is also a result item of urine specific gravity. The value of this result is reflected in the judgment reference of renal tubular dysfunction, but high or low urine specific gravity is also common in normal people. If you drink little or no water in a day, the proportion of urine will increase; if you drink a lot of water in a short time, the proportion of urine will decrease. So, if there is no other arrow on the urine routine, the proportion of urine will rise or fall. First, ask yourself about your drinking water!
2、 Chemical analysis
Chemical analysis in routine items of urine usually includes pH, protein, occult blood, glucose, ketone body, bilirubin, urobilinogen and urobilin, nitrite, bacterial number, etc. In fact, for ordinary people, there are only three indicators that need special understanding: protein, occult blood and bacteria number.
1. Protein: the total amount of protein excreted in 24-hour urine of healthy adults is (80 ± 24) mg. If the content of protein in 24-hour urine exceeds 150mg, it is called proteinuria! However, if the content of protein in urine exceeds the standard in one examination, it does not mean that there is a problem in the body. For details, please see: the results in urine routine are mainly represented by (-), (-), 0.x-x.x (+ - 4 +). Yes, normal people usually have (-), but if people are in intense activities, fever, tension and other situations, it may cause abnormal results. It is normal for this kind of temporary abnormal protein in normal people to become physiological proteinuria, but in this case, the protein in urine will not exceed (+). If the index is more than (+) or multiple rechecks are all at the level of (+), it may indicate the presence of urinary system abnormalities, which need to be further examined. 2. Occult blood: it's said that this is the most devastating item for nephrologists. Because many people see the positive item in the checklist, they go to the doctor and cry: "doctor, I urinated blood Help me! "
However, it doesn't work!
The truth is that "positive" of occult blood is not the diagnostic standard of hematuria! It can't be said that you are urinating blood! What really determines whether there is hematuria is the number of RBC in the high-power microscopic field of vision in the analysis of tangible components (hereinafter referred to). So, remember! Positive occult blood is not urine blood! That's not urine blood. Why does it show positive? The current urine analyzer uses the dry chemical test paper method. As long as there are substances in urine that can make the test paper discolored, it will show positive test. Therefore, in addition to red cells in urine, it will cause discoloration, and other components in urine, such as myoglobin and hemoglobin, will also cause occult blood Positive. In addition, the red blood cells in the normal human body are constantly destroyed, and its components are discharged from the urine. Therefore, some normal human urine will also show positive occult blood.
3. Number of bacteria: some people say that this one has bacteria. Is it infected? No, it is not! In fact, most of the abnormal people in the outpatient department are the result of pollution. Why? Dear friends, where do you think urine comes from? Pollutants in urethra and its surroundings, bacteria in urinal cup may be the source of pollution.
Of course, not all the results with bacterial count are contaminated. If you have uncomfortable symptoms such as frequent urination, urgency of urination, pain in urination, and combined with the abnormal results of WBC below, you may have infection. Let's not say anything, go to the hospital for diagnosis and treatment!
PS: if you take a large amount of vitamin C before urinalysis, you may have false negative results on the test items such as urine occult blood, urine sugar, urine ketone body and nitrite, which may cause the doctor's wrong judgment on the disease!
3、 Analysis of tangible components
The content is huge, including cell, tube type, crystal and many other data. According to doctors' usual experience, this paper focuses on two most concerned and important indicators: red blood cell count (RBC) and white blood cell count (WBC) under high power microscope.
High power microscope: RBC is called hematuria when RBC is more than 3 / HP!!! Over and over again, there is no relationship between the negative occult blood Yang and hematuria!
White blood cell count (WBC): when the WBC is more than 5 / HP, combined with its own symptoms, it may be necessary to consider the possibility of urinary system inflammation. In addition, if the "purulent cells" (this item is generally under WBC) are abnormal in the urine routine, there is the possibility of infection.
The above is the professional answer given by the nephrologist about the urine routine. Next, for the urine routine, the doctors of other departments should also remind a few words!
1. Pediatrician: the incidence of urinary tract infection is hair coloring in infants under 2 years old. Fever of unknown origin may be the only symptom of urinary tract infection. In fact, the baby urinary tract infection will also have the symptoms of frequent urination, urgency of urination and pain of urination! But they can't express it in words, so the baby has fever. In addition to the blood routine, the urine routine is also one of the routine tests!
2. Gynaecologist: female friends should avoid menstrual period when checking urine routine.
3. Obstetrician: after 20 weeks of pregnancy, urine routine should be reserved for almost every delivery test, which is one of the routine examination items during pregnancy. If the protein in the urine of the mother to be is positive, it means that the mother to be has the possibility of pregnancy hypertension and kidney disease; if the sugar or ketone body in the urine of the mother to be is positive, it means that the mother to be has the possibility of diabetes!
Finally, it's important to remind you how to take the night urine sample! When taking the urine sample, do not take the urine at the beginning of urination, let the urine wash the urethra, take the middle part of the urine to fill the cup, and do not take the end of the urine. Well, after reading these, I'll see the checklist with black eyes. Don't you think it's useless to have a urine test? Next time I have a physical examination, I must do the routine urine test!