1. Gothic architectural style
Reims Cathedral
Gothic architecture is an architectural style originated in France in the second half of the 11th century and popular in Europe from the 13th to the 15th century. It is often used in European bishops, monasteries, churches, castles, palaces, synagogues and some private houses. Its basic components are pointed arch and ribbed vault. The overall style is tall and thin, and its basic unit is in a square or rectangular plane The columns are made with double center skeleton pointed coupons, one on each side and one on the diagonal, and the roof slab is erected on the coupons to form the vault. Gothic architecture with outstanding architectural skills shows the strong emotion of mystery, sadness and loftiness. Its charm comes from the aesthetic experience of proportion, light and color. That is to say, through the metaphysical meditation of light, through the symbolic understanding of number and color, the soul can get rid of the fetters of secular materials. In the 18th century, England began a series of Gothic Renaissance, which spread to Europe in the 19th century and lasted until the 20th century. It mainly affected church and university buildings. The priceless architectural art such as Gothic cathedral has been listed in the UNESCO World Heritage. Lance cathedral is a great work of Gothic in its heyday.
2. Baroque architectural style
Cathedral of Santiago, Spain
Baroque architecture is an architectural style developed on the basis of Italian Renaissance architecture from 17th to 18th century. It is characterized by free appearance, dynamic pursuit, rich decoration and carving, strong colors, and often interspersed curved surface and oval space. Its style is free and unrestrained, the modelling is complex, rich in variety. Baroque style takes the spirit of Romanticism as the starting point of formal design, pursues grand, vivid, hot and unrestrained artistic effect, and emphasizes the comprehensive means of artistic form. For example, in architecture, it attaches importance to the integration of architecture, sculpture and painting. In addition, Baroque art also absorbs some factors and imagination in literature, drama, music and other fields. It has a strong religious color, and religious themes play a leading role in Baroque art. Santiago Cathedral in Spain is a typical example of this period.
3. Rococo style
Prince Salon of Chateau Chantilly
Rococo style, produced in France and popular in Europe in the 1820s, is developed on the basis of Baroque architecture. The basic characteristics of Rococo style are delicate and charming, gorgeous and exquisite, sweet and greasy, gentle, complicated and trivial. The Rococo style is based on the decline of the feudal aristocratic culture in Europe, which shows the decadent and flashy aesthetic ideals and emotions of the declining aristocracy. They can't stand the serious reason of classicism and the blatant and unrestrained of Baroque, and pursue beauty and leisure. The characteristics of Rococo architectural style are: the interesting combination of shell and Baroque style as the main axis, the application of bright colors and delicate interior decoration, unlike the baroque style with strong colors and rich decoration. For example, the prince's salon in Chantilly castle is the representative work of Rococo architectural style.
4. Romanesque architectural style
The Church of St. Paul
Romanesque architecture, also known as Roman architecture, is the first unique architectural style throughout Europe since the Roman Empire. In the late 11th century, Romanesque architecture reached its peak in France, and the most innovative architectural style with local characteristics appeared. The basic model of Romanesque architecture is the church, just like the temple to the ancient Greek art, the design and construction are based on the vault, with the stone curve structure to cover the space, and the building is huge and complex, emphasizing the light and shade contrast method. The art form has a primary and secondary relationship: architecture is in the dominant position, while other art activities, such as painting, sculpture, mosaic art, etc., are in the secondary position It belongs to the family status. St. Paul's church, the representative building of Romanesque architecture.
5. Mediterranean style
Mediterranean architectural style
Mediterranean architectural style, as the name suggests, is a building with Mediterranean style. Mediterranean architectural style is closely related to its birthplace, the surrounding environment of Mediterranean. As the largest Inter Continental sea in the world, the Mediterranean is like a huge sink, deep between Asia, Africa and Europe. The vast blue waters of the Mediterranean have their own strong regional characteristics, which deeply affect the formation of the Mediterranean style and make the Mediterranean architectural style present a variety of forms. The lines of Mediterranean architecture omit complicated carving and decoration, and the lines are simple and round. In addition, the combination and collision of colors highlight the bright, bold and rich characteristics, showing the most gorgeous side of colors, and also constructs the most typical three color combinations in Mediterranean style: blue and white, golden yellow and blue purple, earth yellow and red brown. The three most common elements in Mediterranean architecture: porch, arch and hollowing are also unique. For ordinary people, the Mediterranean style can be judged from the form of architecture. There are often many asymmetric designs, which are full of romantic passion in the sun. In particular, Spanish style architecture adopts many arc-shaped structures, including walls, guardrails, door and window frames, and even tubular tiles used on the roof.
6. New Chinese style
New Chinese style residence
Generally speaking, new Chinese architecture can be divided into two schools: courtyard school in the north and garden school in the south. The courtyard style buildings in the North adopt the gray sloping roof, tube tile and wall courtyard enclosure of Beijing Quadrangle in appearance; the gray brick with strong regional color is often used in materials to form a powerful and grand momentum; the courtyard space is designed as much as possible in space structure to pursue the full enclosure form of quadrangle. The southern garden school is famous for its "harmony between man and nature" concept, exquisite landscape and space treatment. Most of the buildings of this school take Suzhou gardens as the main inheritance objects, and the pavilions, platforms, buildings, pavilions and pavilions also imitate the styles of Suzhou gardens. Landscape construction techniques refer to the common landscape processing methods in gardens, such as borrowing landscape, missing landscape, opposite landscape, separated landscape and so on. White walls and green tiles, tall horse head walls and cornices are the outstanding features of architecture. The overall image of the building can be described as "white walls and tiles", just like Chinese ink painting, which is light, elegant and poetic.
7. Artdeco style
The Empire State Building
"Artdeco", that is, art decoration style, originated in France and flourished in the United States, is an important style school in the history of world architecture. Artdeco is also known as decorative art. Egyptian elements such as palindrome, curve line and pyramid shape appear on the facade of the building one after another, expressing the noble feeling pursued by the high-end class at that time. The modern shape endows the ancient and noble temperament, representing a revived urban spirit. This artistic style is popular in the United States, and eventually developed into the most important architectural design force in the 20th century. It was once popular in Shanghai in 1930s. The architectural style emphasizes the towering and tall buildings, giving people the extraordinary momentum of standing up and standing up, reflecting the technological innovation brought by the industrial revolution, constantly overcoming the gravity and reaching a new height, expressing the humanistic spirit and strength of constantly surpassing. Artdeco's representative works include the Empire State Building in New York.
8. British architectural style
Tianjin Tai'an Road Hotel
British style was developed in the early 18th century (1702-1714) in the age of Queen Anne. British style architecture has a strong church atmosphere, giving people a solemn, mysterious, serious feeling. The main feature of British style architecture is the multiple herringbone wooden sloping roof, which makes the whole building look more high-end atmosphere and royal momentum. The top and bottom walls of most houses are designed in the same style of England, and the top and bottom walls are designed in the same style of England.
9. North American style
North American architectural style residence
In fact, the architectural style of North America gradually developed into a combination of simple and elegant architectural styles, which was influenced by different architectural styles of Europe. North American architecture is characterized by large windows, attic, sloping roof, rich colors and smooth lines. The district atmosphere pursues leisure, vitality, freedom and openness. The building volume of American villas is generally larger than that of British villas, and most of them are of wood structure, reflecting the rural sense. Using the side gable, double line roof and Gothic style spire and other typical North American architectural visual symbols; residential architecture has high personalized and diversified style. The North American style developed in China is more reflected in the villa format. The villa in North America has developed into a unique style of simplicity and atmosphere, with the essence of all kinds of architectural features. It fully embodies the characteristics of simplicity, generosity and ease. The residence is very humane and is very popular in the villa market.
10. Post modernism architectural style
Beijing CCTV building
Since the 1960s, the trend of thought of opposing or revising modernist architecture has appeared in the United States and Western Europe. After the end of the Second World War, modernist architecture has become the dominant architectural trend in many parts of the world. However, within the modernist architectural camp, there were differences soon, and some people doubted and criticized the modernist architectural view and style. So there is postmodernism. There is no consensus on what are the main features of postmodern architecture. Stern, a famous American architect, proposed that postmodern architecture has three characteristics: decoration, symbolism or metaphor, and integration with the existing environment. In October this year, our respected Xi dada once proposed "don't engage in strange architecture". In fact, "strange architecture" is also a school of postmodernist architecture, which is characterized by different characteristics. It's controversial to regard architecture as a game, which is not a good or bad idea. In any case, the post-modernism architecture has not stopped, and it continues to be innovative in different cities of various developed countries. CCTV building, a typical post modernist building in Beijing.
Sihai inventory special statement: the content of this article comes from the system editing or netizen sharing contribution. This article is for entertainment only. We are not responsible for the integrity, reliability and authenticity of the content. If the Department has a source, the copyright belongs to the original author. For related questions, please contact wechat: ww4hw