Yuli is a common flower and fruit watching plant in the northern garden of China. It can be planted alone in the open green space, showing different forms of beauty in different seasons. It can also be matched with other plants, such as rock, orchid and Mahonia. So what's the breeding method of Yu Li? Let's read on!
Cultivation methods of Prunus humilis (basic knowledge): the best propagation time: sowing propagation can be in August to September; ramet propagation can be carried out after falling leaves in autumn or before sap flow in early spring;
The best growing soil: slightly acidic or limestone soil is the best. Limestone soil with deep soil layer, good drainage and rich humus or sandy garden soil can be selected;
Growth humidity requirements: Yu Li likes a slightly humid and dry climate;
The best growth temperature: Yuli is cold resistant. During the high temperature period in summer, we can't bear the muggy heat, otherwise we will enter the semi dormant state and the growth will be hindered. The optimum growth temperature is 15-30 ℃;
The best growth light: Yu Li likes half shade environment, and grows poorly in the strong sunlight and muggy environment;
The cultivation method of Prunus humilis
Yuli has developed root system, strong growth, luxuriant branches and leaves, large number of flowers and more fruits. It needs a lot of nutrients in both vegetative growth and reproductive growth period. However, fertilization should be timely and appropriate. If fertilization is not appropriate, it will also cause flower and fruit drop and reduce yield. In the field of cultivation (the same as single plant planting), we should pay attention to the soil fertility. We should apply the base fertilizer every year. After the fall leaves, we should apply the fertilizer 80 ~ 100cm around the plant. We should dig a circular ditch and apply the slow effect fixed fertilizer, such as phosphate rock powder, calcium superphosphate, etc. After the construction, the soil is returned to fill and level. The root system of tulip tree exposed on the surface is more, and it can also use rotten dry and miscellaneous fertilizer to keep the shallow root for overwintering. In the spring of next year, combined with spring irrigation, organic liquid fertilizer mainly based on nitrogen fertilizer and compound fertilizer supplemented by phosphorus and potassium fertilizer were applied once or twice. When the fruit grows to the fingertip size, 2 ~ 3 times of quick acting compound fertilizer is applied to ensure the nutrient requirement of plant reproductive growth. After the fruit is harvested, the leaves are still very luxuriant. At this time, organic mixed fertilizer can be applied as appropriate to restore the tree vigor as soon as possible, promote the flower bud differentiation of the plant, and create conditions for high yield in the next year.
Watering points:
Yuli is a kind of shallow fruit tree. Compared with other deep rooted trees, it can't absorb groundwater effectively, so it has poor cold resistance. In spring, the plants germinate early, but in many areas, there is less rain in spring, and the soil is particularly dry after a long period of winter drought. At this time, spring irrigation should be carried out for 3-4 times for the cultivated plum. In this way, the plants germinate early in the loose and humid soil, the new buds are full, the new shoots are thick, the flowers are bright, and the vegetative growth and reproductive growth are more prosperous. In early summer, when the fruit is growing, the soil should be kept moist and irrigated once a week. At the same time, for some plants cultivated in low terrain, it is necessary to dig ditches and drain water in advance to prevent flooding. Irrigation should be carried out after defoliation in autumn or during dormancy period in winter, which is very beneficial to plant overwintering and growth in the next year.
Pruning tips:
It is necessary to control the root sprouting and remove the root tillers frequently in order to maintain good and upright plant shape. For young trees, when the height of the seedling is 30 cm, the trunk should be fixed. From 20 cm above the ground, a main branch should be selected every 10 cm upward. A total of three or four main branches should be selected to stretch in one direction. For adult trees, thinning branches is the main method. After flowering, the residual branches should be cut off in time, and the pest branches, over dense branches, delicate branches and dead branches inside the plant cluster should be cut off. When the tree is too old, it can be pruned by the method of retraction and regeneration. The retracted branches can sprout strong branches, and then the new crown can be cultivated.
Breeding methods of plum
Breeding points:
The propagation of Prunus mume is mainly by ramet and cutting, and it can also be layed, seeded and grafted, but it is rarely used. Generally, single petal species can be propagated by sowing, and double petal species can be propagated by cutting and budding in spring and summer with peach or mountain peach as rootstock.
1. Ramet propagation
It is usually carried out before germination in spring or after defoliation in autumn. Dig out the whole plant, divide it into several parts, replant it, and then irrigate it with enough water.
2. Cutting propagation
Branch and root cuttings are feasible. Hardwood cutting has higher survival rate and faster growth than softwood cutting. Hardwood cuttings are usually carried out before germination in early spring. One or two-year-old strong branches are cut into 12-15cm long cuttings and inserted into the seedbed. The cutting depth is 2 / 3-3 / 4 of the cuttings to keep the soil moist. Root cutting can be carried out in early spring. The roots of Prunus humilis were cut into 10 cm root segments and buried in the seedbed. The soil thickness was about 3 cm, and then covered with grass or plastic film to keep the soil moist. When the adventitious buds sprout, the mulch can be removed to strengthen the seedling management. Because the roots of Prunus humilis are easy to produce adventitious buds, it can also be directly propagated by root cuttings. The seeds should be collected in early June, cleaned and dried in the shade after being piled up, and sown in autumn. The seeds can also be stored in sand at low temperature and sown in the open in spring.
Temperature: the optimum temperature for cuttings rooting is 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃. It is difficult and slow for cuttings to take root below 20 ℃. When it is above 30 ℃, the upper and lower cutting edges of cuttings are susceptible to pathogen infection and rot, and the higher the temperature is, the greater the proportion of rot is. When cutting at low temperature, the main measure of heat preservation is to wrap the flower pots or containers that are used for cuttings. When the temperature is too high at cuttage, the measures to cool down are mainly to shade the cuttings, cover 50 to 80% of the sunshine, and spray the cuttings 3~5 times a day. Little or no spray.
Humidity: the relative humidity of air must be kept at 75-85% after cutting. The basic requirement of cuttings rooting is that before cuttings rooting, cuttings must be fresh and tender, and photosynthesis can be carried out to produce rooting materials. However, no rooted cuttings can not absorb enough water to maintain the water balance in the body. Therefore, spray evaporation must be adopted to reduce the water evaporation of cuttings: under shading conditions, sprays are sprayed 3~5 times a day, the higher the temperature is, the higher the number of sprays is, the lower the temperature is, the less the number of sprays is. But spraying too much, the cuttings are easily rotted by the infection of bacteria, because many kinds of germs exist in water.
Light: cutting propagation can not do without sunlight, because cuttings have to continue photosynthesis to produce nutrients and rooting materials to supply their rooting needs. However, the stronger the light, the higher the temperature inside the cuttings, the more vigorous the transpiration of cuttings, and the more water consumed, which is not conducive to the survival of cuttings. Therefore, it is necessary to shade 50-80% of the sunlight after cutting, and gradually remove the shading net after the root system grows: remove the shading net at 4:00 p.m. every day on a sunny day, and cover the shading net before 9:00 a.m. the next day.
Breeding methods of plum
3. Sowing and propagation
The seeds should be selected before sowing. Whether the seeds are selected well or not is directly related to the success of sowing. The best choice is to choose the seeds harvested in that year. The longer the seeds are stored, the lower the germination rate is. The seeds with full grain, no deformity or deformity, no diseases and pests were selected.
Germination: soak the seeds in warm water for 12-24 hours until the seeds absorb water and swell. For very common seeds that are easy to germinate, this work may not be done.
Sowing: for the small seeds that are difficult to pick up by hand or other tools, you can wet one end of the toothpick with water, stick the seeds one by one on the surface of the substrate, cover the substrate with a thickness of 1 cm, and then put the planter into the water, the depth of the water is 1 / 2 ~ 2 / 3 of the height of the planter, and let the water slowly soak up (this method is called "basin soaking method");
For larger seeds that can be picked up by hand or other tools, the seeds are directly put into the substrate and sown at a spacing of 3 × 5cm. After sowing, the substrate was covered with 2-3 times of the seed. After seeding, sprays and pores are used to wet the sowing matrix. Later, when the soil is drier, the water must be watered.
Management after sowing: after sowing in late autumn, early spring or winter, in case of cold wave and low temperature, the flowerpot can be wrapped with plastic film to keep warm and moisture; after the seedling is unearthed, the film should be opened in time, and the seedling should be exposed to the sun before 9:30 a.m. or after 3:30 p.m., otherwise, the seedling will grow very weak; most of the seedlings can grow well After the seeds are fully grown, the seedlings need to be properly thinned: the diseased and unhealthy seedlings should be pulled out, so that there is a certain space between the left seedlings; when most of the seedlings grow three or more leaves, they can be transplanted.
Pest control:
The main diseases of Yuli are powdery mildew, brown spot, leaf perforation and branch blight.
For powdery mildew, spraying 15% Triadimefon wettable powder 1000 times, 70% tolbutine methyl wettable powder 1000 to 1500 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, once every 7 to 10 days, two or three times in a row, has good control effect.
For brown spot, leaf perforation and branch blight, spraying 50% carbendazim WP 500-1000 times, 75% chlorothalonil 500 times, 80% mancozeb 500 times, or 70% tolbutine methyl 1000-1200 times every 7-10 days for three or four times is better.
The main pests of Yuli are aphid, yellow thorn moth, big coir moth and pear fruit moth.
For aphids, spray 6% imidacloprid EC 3000 to 4000 times, 5% acetamiprid EC 5000 to 10000 times, 1.2% bitter tobacco EC 800 to 1000 times, or 50% phoxim EC 800 to 1000 times.
For the leaf eating pests such as yellow moth and big moth, the larvae can be sprayed 1000 times to 1200 times of 1600IU/mg wettable powder at low age, so that the pests will slowly rot away and rot after they are poisoned. They can protect the environment from being polluted. They can also protect the environment from pollution. They can also use 1.2% times of bitter alkaloids 800 times to 1000 times of liquid spray; or 20%, 800 times to 3 2000 times of 2000 Bt, or 20% meters. Floating agent 1500 to 2000 times, or 2.5% dichlorvos 2500 to 3000 times, can effectively control.
For Grapholitha molesta, the frequency trembling lamp was installed to trap and kill the adults in combination with other pests; in winter and spring, the branches were cut off to eliminate the overwintering larvae; the Grapholitha molesta trap was hung to trap and kill the male adults; in the early larval stage, the BT wettable powder with the content of 16000iu / mg was sprayed with 1000-1500 times liquid or 50% phoxim EC 1000-1500 times liquid to control.
The fruit of plum