Cedrus deodara is one of the most famous ornamental trees in the world. Its crown is tower shaped, its branches are flat and its twigs are slightly drooping. Cedrus deodara also has strong ability of dustproof, noise reduction and sterilization. It is also suitable for greening in industrial and mining enterprises. So how is cedar cultivated? What good method is there in breeding? What matters should we pay attention to when breeding cedar? Please read down with me with your questions!
Cultivation method of Cedrus deodara (basic knowledge): the best propagation time: sowing can be carried out in the middle and late March, cutting propagation can be carried out in spring and summer;
The best growing soil: Cedrus is suitable for the neutral or slightly acidic soil with deep soil layer and good drainage;
Growth humidity requirements: cedar likes cool and humid climate;
The best growth temperature: Cedrus deodara has strong cold resistance, and the seedlings can endure the short-term low temperature of - 25 ℃;
The best growth light: Cedrus prefers light, and its young is slightly resistant to shade. The big tree needs enough light above, otherwise it will not grow well or wither.
Cultivation method of Cedrus deodara
For Cedrus deodara, fermented human manure and cake fertilizer should be used, and cake fertilizer should be used for household use. The best time to apply fertilizer is from April to May. Pay attention to that the fertilizer and water should not be too thick, and the frequency should not be too much. 2-3 times a year is enough.
Watering points:
Cedar has a certain drought resistance, afraid of water stains, basin soil should be kept moist as well, until the basin soil is dry before watering, watering is pouring. In case of continuous rain for a long time, it is necessary to pay attention not to accumulate water in the basin. The basin can be tilted to facilitate drainage. The basin shall be restored in time after the rain stops.
Pruning tips:
The pruning of Cedrus deodara can be carried out in winter dormancy period, and the overlapping branches, crossed branches, dead branches and overgrown branches can be cut off. The needles of Cedrus deodara grow in clusters at the top of short branches. During the growth period, the long branches can be pruned at any time, and the straight branches on the side branches can be pinched to make them germinate more short branches and cluster needles, so as to increase the thickness of the cloud and maintain a certain tree shape.
Basin soil replacement:
It is better for Cedrus deodara to turn the pot every 3-4 years in order to sprout in March to April in spring. When turning the pot, remove the old soil 1b2 or so, cut off the rotten roots, replace it with loose and fertile cultivation soil, cover it with moss, water it, and put it in the shade for half a month, then serve the pot.
Breeding points:
Cedars are usually propagated by sowing and cutting.
Sowing: it can be carried out in the middle and late March, and the sowing rate is 75 kg / ha. It can also be sown early to increase the disease resistance of seedlings. Sandy loam with good drainage and ventilation was selected as seedbed.
Before sowing, the seeds were soaked in cold water for 1-2 days, and then dried. After 3-5 days, the seeds began to germinate, which lasted for about 1 month, and the germination rate reached 90%. In the seedling stage, we should pay attention to shading, and control the damping off disease and the damage of cutworm. The annual seedlings can be up to 30-40 cm high and can be transplanted in the spring of the next year.
Cutting: cutting propagation can be carried out in spring and summer. Spring should be before March 20, summer should be in late July.
In spring, the annual strong branches of young mother trees were cut and treated with rooting powder or 500 mg / L NAA to promote rooting. Then it is inserted in the sandy loam with good air permeability, fully watered and covered with double-layer shade. In summer, semi lignified branches of the same year should be selected as cuttings. In addition to strengthening the management of shade, but also covered with plastic film to maintain humidity. 30-50 days after transplanting, callus can be formed. At this time, the solution of 0.2% urea and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used for fertilization.
The seedlings can be transplanted after 1-2 years in bed. The transplantation can be carried out from February to March. The plant should be equipped with soil ball and support rod. The distance between plants and rows increased gradually from 50cm to 200cm. Topdressing 2-3 times during the growth period, generally, it is not necessary to shape and prune, but only to remove the diseased dead branches and the shade weak branches at the close part of the crown. It can be sprayed with benlaite or zineb to control gray mold, Omethoate and trichlorfon to control scale insects and moths and butterflies.
It can also grow on sticky heavy loess and barren arid land, but it will not grow well or even die in waterlogged depression or too high groundwater level, so it is a shallow rooted tree species. Easy to be blown down by the wind. Young leaves are very sensitive to sulfur dioxide and have weak resistance to tobacco. Young seedlings grow slowly. The male plant usually blooms after 20 years old, while the female plant blooms and bears seeds later than 30 years old. The effect of natural pollination was poor because of different flowering period. It is usually necessary to collect and store pollen in advance, and then pollinate when the female flowers are mature, so as to obtain more high-quality seeds. It is usually propagated by sowing or cutting. Sowing can be carried out in late March. The sowing rate is about 5 kg per mu. It will sprout in about 15 days. The seedlings need to be covered by shelter.
If the base of cuttings was soaked with 500 ppm NAA for 5 minutes, rooting could be promoted. After inserting, 1-2 layers of shadow shed should be set up and covered with plastic film to strictly shade. About 30-50 leaves formed callus after transplanting. At this time, 0.2% urea solution and 0.1% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution can be used for fertilization. The seedlings can be transplanted after 1-2 years in bed. Transplanting leaves is carried out from February to March. The plant needs to take a ball and erect a pole. The first transplantation should be about 50 cm, and the second transplantation should be 1-2 M. 2-3 times of topdressing should be applied in the growing period. The seedling stage is vulnerable to diseases and insect pests, especially Damping off disease and Agrocybe Tigris. Other pests include white grub, big bag moth, pine moth, pine tip moth, red wax scale, termite and so on, which should be controlled in time.
Cultivation methods of Cedrus deodara
Pest control:
1. Control of gray mold
Gray mold mainly damages the young shoots and twigs of Cedrus deodara. It can be strictly divided into the following types:
1) Young shoot withered type: it mainly occurs on the young shoot, and the initial symptoms are the same as ulcer type, but it is difficult to form healing tissue when the diseased part is water soaked and rotten. When the diseased part reaches more than 2 / 3 of the circumference of the young shoot, the young shoot bends downward, wilts and withers from the diseased part. It takes only 4 to 5 days for the disease to develop rapidly. On rainy days, a layer of gray mold grows in the disease department.
2) Ulcer type: it mainly damages the young shoots of Cedrus deodara. In the early stage, light brown round and nearly round irregular small spots appeared at the base of tender shoots, and then gradually expanded into large lesions in the middle depression, and in the early stage of depression, they were dark brown water stain like rot. After recovery, the original rotten epidermis cracked.
3) The withered type of twigs mainly occurred on biennial twigs. The disease spots mainly spread from the dead shoots. In the early stage, a reddish brown depression was formed at the junction of withered shoots and twigs, and then obvious disease spots were gradually formed. The disease spots did not crack, a small amount of resin overflowed, and the surface of cortex and xylem was dark brown. One week after the disease spread to the twigs, the upper part of the twigs died. The occurrence and prevalence of the disease are closely related to climatic conditions.
Prevention and control methods:
1) Cedar should be planted in the place with good drainage, ventilation and light transmission, and should not be too dense.
2) The dead shoots should be cut off and destroyed in time.
3) During the period of onset, spray 65% mancozeb WP 500 times, 45% mancozeb WP 1000 times, 50% benete WP 1000 times, 70% tolbutine methyl WP 1500 times, etc.
2. Prevention and control of Fusarium Wilt
The pathogenic regularity of leaf blight of Cedrus deodara is that the pathogen overwinters as mycelium (or ascorbic disk) on the diseased needles and forms ascorbic disk from March to April in the second year, and the ascorbic disk matures from April to may in succession; in rainy days or humid conditions, the factor ascorbic disk swells and opens to reveal milky ascorbic group; the ascorbic robe extrudes from the ascorbic and spreads further by air. It took about two months for the pathogen to invade the stomata of Cedrus deodara leaves. Because the germinating ability of the meristematic clasper produced in the meristematic clasper is very poor and has no infectivity, there is no reinfection. However, the radiation time of factor sacs is very long, about 3 months, and new infection may occur from spring to summer. If the precipitation is large and the humidity is low, it is beneficial to invasion. Drought of forest land, thin soil, diseases and insect pests and poor management of Cedrus deodara may promote the occurrence of diseases.
Pollution free control measures:
1) Strengthen tending management to make cedar grow vigorously and enhance disease resistance.
2) In order to reduce the source of infection, the diseased leaves should be removed before the cotyledons spread in small area plantations and cedar nurseries.
3) During the dispersal period after the mature of the seed sac, spray 1:2:200 times Bordeaux solution, 0.3-0.5 pomedol sulfur mixture, or 25% wettable carbendazim 400-500 times solution, or 65% wettable dexamethasone 8 times solution for 2-3 times, with an interval of 10-15 days.
Cultivation methods of Cedrus deodara