Pelargonium is a perennial herb with rich colors, which gives people a graceful feeling. In life is also one of the more common flowers, generally as a potted home. However, due to the high temperature and water humidity of Pelargonium, if the management is not proper, it is easy to cause excessive growth, yellowing leaves or small plant type, and the formation of inflorescence is small, flowering period is short. How to cultivate Geranium so that it can blossom in three seasons and keep green in four seasons? Now let's listen to Xiao Bian.
Cultivation methods of Geranium to keep evergreen
The propagation of Pelargonium is mainly by cutting, which can be done in spring, summer and autumn, but the seedlings growing by strong cutting in spring blossom earliest. When the top bud is left in spring, the seedlings can bloom in summer, and in autumn, they can bloom in the next spring. Cutting cuttings can be combined with Geranium pruning. New and old cuttings with full tissue should be selected for cuttings. 2-year-old cuttings can also be used for cuttings, but young branches and extra long branches with long internodes should not be used, especially young branches are easy to rot in summer. The length of cuttings is generally cut to about 10 cm or 4-5 knots, with 2-3 leaves at the upper end. The old bare stem can also be cut without leaves. After cutting, the cuttings can be dried and cut in a bed with vermiculite, perlite, river sand as the substrate, or directly in a flowerpot. After cutting in summer and autumn, shade for 5-7 days, and then gradually increase the light time. The substrate of cutting bed should be kept slightly wet instead of big water. It is better to see dry and wet. Generally, it takes 2 weeks to root, and it can be put into pot when new leaves begin to grow when the root length is about 1-2cm or 1 month.
The basin soil should be sandy loam with rich organic matter, good drainage and good permeability. 3 parts should be combined with fully decomposed livestock manure, 1 part of crop straw and 1 part of litter. One of the key measures to cultivate strong seedlings is to select strong branches as cuttings and increase light at the late stage of seedling cultivation to prevent overgrowth.
2、 Controlling fertilizer and reducing water
1. Controlled fertilization
The amount of organic fertilizer is 1 / 5-1 / 3 of the weight of the basin soil. The amount of 50% NPK compound fertilizer is about 0.5% of the weight of the basin soil. Sufficient nutrition of the basin soil is conducive to promoting vegetative growth, but excessive amount of fertilizer, insufficient maturity of organic fertilizer and unmixed fertilizer should be prevented to cause seedling burning. When the new shoots of seedlings grow 5-7 leaves, start topdressing, control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer, try not to apply pure nitrogen fertilizer such as urea, but apply more phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, spray 0.2%.. 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer, promote the transformation of plant from vegetative growth to reproductive growth, which is conducive to flower bud differentiation. If the fertilizer and water are well controlled at the same time, the flowering of Geranium can be 23 months earlier. After entering the flowering stage, the decomposed liquid organic fertilizer was applied before and after flowering. The organic liquid fertilizer is fully fermented and decomposed by soybean cake, oil horn, hoof, bone, grass and leaves. Pelargonium does not like big fertilizer, excessive topdressing fertilizer will make the growth of Pelargonium too strong and not conducive to flowering. In order to make the geranium flowers flourish, it is suggested that the thin liquid fertilizer should be poured once every 1-2 weeks in spring and autumn, and the concentration should be 1 part of the original liquid mixed with 25 times of water; after applying the liquid fertilizer, the leaves should be washed with watering water immediately, and the basin soil should be fully watered. In addition, 0.2% ～ 0.3% potassium dihydrogen phosphate foliar fertilizer was sprayed every. 10-20 days to promote the normal flowering of Geranium. Generally, it is necessary to apply less fertilizer to those who have just changed pots, frequently to those who have changed pots for a long time, control fertilizer to those whose new shoots are too long and internodes are slender, and apply fertilizer immediately to those whose leaves turn yellow. Liquid fertilizer should be stopped in winter and summer. ..
2. Reduce watering
Geranium is resistant to drought and afraid of dampness, so it should not be watered too much. If it is too wet for a long time, it will cause excessive growth of plants, upward movement of flower branches, yellowing and falling off of leaves, and even death of rotten roots. Therefore, the principle of watering Geranium is rather dry than wet. Spring and autumn growth period can be appropriate to water more water, do not dry do not water, water is poured thoroughly. In summer, with the increase of temperature, the plants enter into semi dormant state. At this time, the watering should be strictly controlled. The basin soil should not be very dry, and the cold water should not be poured at noon when the temperature is high. In the "plum rain" season, it is necessary to keep away from rain and reduce humidity on rainy days, and the basin soil should not be too wet for a long time, so as to prevent the accumulation of water and rotten roots in the basin. In winter, it should be dry and wet, and water as little as possible.
Culture method of Pelargonium to keep green all year round
3、 Increase the light and adjust the temperature
The growth period of Pelargonium needs sufficient sunlight, which is conducive to controlling plant height and promoting inflorescence formation. Lack of light, easy to cause excessive stem and leaves, branches drooping, pedicel soft, inflorescence dysplasia.
In spring, with the increase of temperature, move the flowerpot to the leeward and sunny place outside in the daytime, increase the sunshine time of geranium, promote the early differentiation of Geranium flower bud, and blossom ahead of time. In case of low temperature at night and temperature drop, that is, when the minimum temperature reaches.. 1 ~ 2 ~ C, pay attention to antifreeze and move the flowerpot indoors in time. In other seasons, as long as the temperature is suitable for the growth of Pelargonium, sufficient light should be kept as far as possible. At noon in high temperature weather in summer, it is necessary to prevent the flowerpots from being put on the cement ground for high-temperature steaming and baking and strong El exposure. If possible, the flowerpots should be placed on the lawn for shading. As long as the work of shading and cooling is done well, the geranium can still bloom normally in summer. In winter, geranium is best placed in a sunny glass balcony. As long as the indoor temperature is kept at 10 ~ 15 ℃ during the day and above 8 ℃ at night, and sufficient light is given, Geranium can blossom normally in winter.
4、 Moderate pruning
1. Early pick heart
From the beginning of seedling stage, the first inflorescence of Pelargonium is formed. When the inflorescence reaches the elongation stage, leaving 1-2 leaves on the inflorescence to pick the heart can not only promote germination.. 1-3 lateral branches, make the seedling expand the crown width as soon as possible, but also effectively reduce the plant height.
2. Sparse shear
The first is to remove the damaged pedicels in time after flowering, and the second is to remove the excessive long branches, dense branches and drooping branches in the growing season, which can increase the light of the plant.
3. Short cut
It is mainly in the growing season that the thin and weak branches and drooping branches of the current year are cut short. If there is no new inflorescence on the branches after the flowers wither, it can also be cut appropriately. Generally, 2-5 leaves are left to be cut short. This can not only reduce the height and promote germination, but also adjust the branch angle. In addition, before sprouting in spring, the longer branches should be moderately short cut, but the number of L, 3 short branches formed in the last autumn should be kept. If the short branches formed in the last autumn are not short cut, it can promote the early flowering of the non short branches, but delay the flowering of the short branches. This pruning method can promote the continuous flowering of Pelargonium.
4. Shrinkage shear
After the high temperature in summer and before and after the beginning of autumn, the geranium should be cut back immediately. According to the actual situation, the retracted part can be retracted to the two or three-year-old place. The main branches should be left about loem high from the base. The outer buds should be left at the cutting mouth, and the inner buds can be left if the branch angle needs to be raised. It should not be cut too late in autumn to ensure that Geranium will enter the full bloom period on mid autumn and national day. Before sprouting in spring, only part of the branches should be cut back, and a strong bud or a short branch should be left at the cutting back. In practice, the cutting back in spring should not be too heavy. If the cutting back is too heavy, it is easy to delay flowering by using hidden buds to form branches. In spring and autumn, in order to reduce the amount of branches and leaves, it is better to take heavy retraction, and the pruned branches can be used as cuttings.
Editor's note: as long as the key cultivation techniques are properly applied, potted Geranium can not only keep the plant compact, but also ensure three seasons of flowers and four seasons of evergreen.
Culture method of Pelargonium to keep green all year round