Acorus calamus, also known as Yuchan flower, has a large flower diameter of more than 15 cm, and its flag petals are shorter than the vertical petals. In the park, it is often planted in groups, just like a butterfly flying in the air, which is very beautiful. Today, we will learn the cultivation method of huachangpu, let the "colorful butterfly" open in our home!
Basic knowledge of huachangpu: huachangpu is a perennial herb of iris in Iridaceae. Its rhizome is thick and short, and its fibrous roots are rope like and thin. Basal leaf strip, 50 cm to 100 cm long, 8 cm to 20 cm wide, parallel veins numerous, midrib prominent. The plant is erect, 50 cm to 100 cm high, with 1 to 3 degenerated leaves. Bracts papery, ovate lanceolate, 6 cm to 8 cm long, with one or two flowers, flowering from May to June, fruiting from July to August. Capsule oblong, angulate, seed brown.
Now many people think that calamus is the same plant as calamus, but it is not. Acorus tatarinowii is a genus of Acorus in Araceae family. It is a kind of spiritual grass in Chinese traditional culture that can prevent epidemic diseases and expel evil. It is also called "four elegant flowers and plants" together with orchid, Narcissus and chrysanthemum. People in the south of the Yangtze River hang Acorus calamus and wormwood on doors and windows every Dragon Boat Festival, drink Acorus wine to dispel pathogenic diseases. At the same time of worship, people also give Acorus calamus humanization. The 14th day of the fourth lunar month is the birthday of Acorus calamus. There is a saying that "the 14th of April is the birthday of Acorus calamus. If you trim the roots and leaves and accumulate sea water to nourish it, it will be green and easy to grow, which is especially eye-catching.". Growth habit of Acorus calamus: Acorus calamus likes humid and good light environment, and it should be planted on acid, fertile and organic rich sandy loam soil, with cold resistance. During the growing period, sufficient water and proper fertilization are required. It is suitable to plant in wet forest edge, stream side, river side and pool side to beautify the environment. It can also be used as cut flowers. Acorus calamus is also often planted in the garden, potted arrangement of flower beds, planted in shallow water areas, Riverside pool, can also be arranged in special gardens, or planted under trees as ground cover plants.
Cultivation methods of huachangpu cultivation techniques of huachangpu: we can often see huachangpu planted in water, and some planted in dry soil above the water surface, but the growth is not as good as that planted in water. No matter what kind of cultivation form is adopted, the place with sufficient sunshine should be selected as far as possible, and the sunshine time should be at least half a day.
When planting Acorus calamus, the placement of seedlings is very important, and the outer leaves should face the wall of the planting container or the periphery of the planting site, which is conducive to the germination and growth of new buds, so that the growth of seedlings planted in the field will not be crowded, and the arrangement is neat and beautiful.
One of the problems that should be paid attention to in pot planting is to ensure water content. Calamus hybridus likes to be wetter than other perennial plants, especially in the germination and flowering stages. Therefore, the bottom of the pot of calamus hybridus should be padded with 2 cm to 3 cm thick sand, and the water level of 1 cm to 2 cm should be kept above the sand, so that the bottom of the pot can be immersed in water.
Before planting, we should first consider the problems of water source and water storage. If this problem is solved, we will have the preconditions for planting Acorus calamus. At ordinary times, we should pay attention to keeping the field moist. In winter, Acorus calamus entered the dormancy period and could be slightly dry. The row spacing of ground planting plants is 25 cm × 30 cm, the planting depth is suitable to cover the roots of plants with soil, and the water at the initial stage of planting should be as shallow as possible to prevent the seedlings from floating, so as to take root as soon as possible.
The cultivation method of huachangpu the propagation method of huachangpu: the propagation method of huachangpu includes sowing, ramet and tissue culture propagation. Sowing can be divided into spring sowing and autumn sowing. The seedlings emerge 4 to 6 weeks after sowing, and the seedlings can blossom after two years of cultivation. Generally, the seeds are picked and sown at the same time, but it is easy to produce variation and is generally used to cultivate new varieties.
Ramets can be carried out in spring, autumn and after flowering. Dig out the mother plant, divide the rhizome, each with two or three buds, and plant them separately. For the species with strong rhizome, it is better to dip in plant ash or leave it for a period of time to make it slightly dry before planting, so as to prevent bacterial infection. To facilitate the operation, the leaves can be cut into 30 cm long. If you don't have many attached roots, you can cut the leaves to about 20 cm long. The important thing is the balance ratio of roots and leaves. If the leaf is too long, it is easy to wither, which is not conducive to seedling development; if the leaf is too short, the development will be delayed.
Today, with the development of science and technology, the explants such as lateral buds, leaves and stem tips of pedicels can be inoculated on suitable medium after disinfection treatment to induce vegetative buds or protocorms, and then protocorms can be proliferated in large quantities. When protocorms propagate to a certain number, they can be differentiated and cultured, so that a large number of plants can be cultivated.
Cultivation methods of Acorus calamus: strengthen cultivation management measures, appropriate watering and fertilization, regular rotation, often remove dead leaves, diseased plant residues, reduce the source of pathogens. The diseases and insect pests of potted Acorus calamus are less, and the ground seedlings are more. In order to ensure ventilation and reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, it is necessary to plant in time. The prevention of diseases and insect pests of Acorus calamus is the main method. The medicine should be given once every 7 to 10 days in spring, and the medicine should be given as little as possible in flowering period. Its main pests and diseases are leaf spot, rust, leaf roller, aphid and so on. It can be controlled by spraying 1000 times to 1500 times liquid of 40% Omethoate and 800 times of carbendazim 50% wettable powder.
If the fertilizer is too thick, the root will burn and seriously affect its growth. It is better to keep the water level about 10 cm above the root and not submerge the whole plant. Fertilization is mainly carried out in spring and after flowering. Generally, organic fertilizer is applied in hole in autumn, 50 kg to 80 kg per mu, which is completed in two times. Spring topdressing once or twice, to compound fertilizer is better, generally 40 kg per mu. If not transplanted, a small amount of fertilizer should be applied after flowering.
Pruning the withered leaves in time in winter can reduce the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, and grow new leaves better in the second year. When the leaf tip of Acorus calamus begins to wither, don't cut off all the leaves, because the leaves will slowly turn into the underground part when they wither, so in order to strive for nutrients, don't cut the green part of the leaves for the time being. When it is completely withered, the whole leaf can be cut off.