Pepper can be used as seasoning and delicious food on the table. In addition, it is also an important economic crop. Today, Xiaobian brings you the field cultivation techniques of pepper. Scientific cultivation methods can better improve the yield and quality of pepper, so as to achieve the purpose of economic growth.
Pepper cultivation techniques pepper cultivation techniques 1
It is better to choose fertile fields that have not been planted with Solanaceae crops for more than 2 years as seedbeds. For planting 1 mu of pepper, 20-30 square meters of seedbeds are needed. After harrowing, furrow is used as bed. The width of bed is 1 meter and the depth of furrow is 0.2 meter. 1-2 liang of lime and 1 liang of superphosphate are sprinkled on each square meter of bed surface. 1-2 Jin of fully decomposed and finely broken farmyard manure (or 2 liang of Shima compound fertilizer) are mixed with surface soil.
2、 Germination and sowing:
1. Seed germination: immerse the seeds in 1000 times potassium permanganate solution for 15 minutes, remove and wash them, then immerse them in 55 ℃ hot water for 15 minutes, then rub and wash them repeatedly, immerse them in 30 ℃ clear water for 5-6 hours, remove, filter and shake them, wrap them with wet gauze, and put them at 30 ℃ for germination.
2. Sowing: when more than 60% of the seeds are white, they can be sown. Before sowing, the seeds were coated with new high fat film to drive away diseases and pests and improve the emergence rate. Then the seeds were evenly spread on the seedbed, covered with fertile fine soil about 1cm thick, sprinkled with a little water, and covered with arch shed for cold protection and heat preservation.
3、 Seedling management: before emergence, it is not necessary to remove the film; after emergence, it is necessary to remove the film for ventilation in the daytime. The humidity management should be less watering or no watering. In case of drought, a small amount of water can be poured in the morning of sunny day, and attention should be paid to ventilation and moisture drainage to prevent diseases. At the same time, the seedlings should pay attention to spraying medicine to prevent Damping off disease after arched soil, and the medicine can be chosen as redomir manganese zinc, pulike, etc. In case of lack of fertilizer, light manure water or 0.1% compound fertilizer solution should be applied in fine weather. 7-10 days before transplanting, gradually remove the film and refine the seedlings. When the seedlings are more than 5 leaves, they can be planted in the field.
Pepper cultivation techniques -- seedling management
4、 Timely planting: promote early rooting. Early seedling is the main principle to master the planting period and post planting management. Pepper should be planted in furrow or flat. When planting, the soil should be covered shallowly. Later, the soil should be cultivated gradually to seal the ridge. After planting, only relying on drought to squat seedlings will damage the root system. Therefore, the management of pepper seedling stage should be small or not.
Pepper plant is compact and suitable for close planting. The results showed that there was a great potential for yield increase of pepper under close planting, especially for green pepper which grew until autumn. Due to the small change of soil temperature and humidity, the roots will not be exposed to the sun after the rainstorm, which plays a role in promoting roots and seedlings. Generally, the production density of green pepper is 3000-4000 holes (double plants) per mu, with row spacing of 50-60cm and plant spacing of 25-30cm. In general, two strains or three strains and one acupoint were used. High yield can be obtained by planting with big ridge and single row close planting, same big and small ridge and big ridge and double row close planting.
Pepper cultivation technique -- timely planting
5、 Field management
Pepper likes temperature, water and fertilizer, but high temperature is easy to get disease, waterlogging is easy to die, and more fertilizer is easy to burn roots. There are different management requirements in different stages of the whole growth period. After planting, roots and seedlings should be promoted before harvest; seedlings should be promoted and fruits should be attacked from harvest to full fruit stage; roots and seedlings should be preserved after high temperature season to prevent seedling failure and death; results management should be strengthened in later stage to increase yield and income.
1. The management before harvest should be promoted in large scale and controlled in small scale because of low soil temperature and weak root system. That is, light watering, early topdressing; frequent cultivation, small squatting seedlings; slow seedling water, light irrigation, can be combined with a little manure, after irrigation, timely tillage, increase temperature and moisture, promote root, squatting seedlings should not be too long, about 10 days, can be small squatting, adjust the Root Seedling relationship. At the end of squatting seedling, timely watering and topdressing can improve the early yield. Topdressing is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, combined with some phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, which can promote the seedling robust, prevent flower falling, and timely remove the lateral branches on the main stem under the first flower.
2. During the period from the beginning of harvest to the full fruit stage, the temperature increased gradually, the rainfall increased gradually, and the diseases and pests occurred in succession, which was the key period to determine the yield. In order to prevent premature senescence, pepper should be harvested in advance, watered in time, soil moisture should be kept regularly, seedling and fruit should be promoted, and ridge should be sealed in high temperature season. In the full fruit stage, soil should be cultivated to protect roots before ridge sealing, and topdressing should be combined with soil. In general, dipterex should be sprayed once a week to control pests; dimethoate should be sprayed 1000 times every 7-10 days to control aphids and prevent the spread of virus; zineb or chlorothalonil should be sprayed 500-800 times to control anthracnose and other diseases.
Pepper cultivation technique -- field management
3. Management in high temperature season and after high temperature rainy season is easy to induce virus disease, serious flower and fruit drop, and sometimes a large number of fallen leaves. Therefore, it is necessary to irrigate at the beginning of the drought period, but not at the end of the early period, so as to keep the soil moist and inhibit the occurrence and development of virus diseases. After the rain, a small amount of chemical fertilizer should be applied to protect the seedlings, and irrigation should be carried out in time to prevent the peak of virus disease caused by drought after the rainy season. Irrigation should be carried out in the morning and evening in high temperature season. Spraying 800-1000 times chlormequat for 3-4 times at full flowering stage had better effect on flower preservation and yield increase.
4. After the high temperature and rainy season, the temperature turns cool and the green pepper plants return to normal growth,
6、 Pepper harvesting
Generally, the fruits can be harvested 2-3 weeks after flower withering when they are fully expanded and green in color, or when they turn yellow or red and mature. Attention should be paid to picking as many times as possible, and the fruit stalk should be picked together, so as to leave more fruits on the plant, which can improve the yield.
Pepper cultivation technique -- pepper harvesting