The three secrets of orchid cultivation are ventilation, watering and fertilization! It's not easy to use these three tips flexibly. In particular, fertilization, there are many flower friends are not very familiar with fertilization, today we come to learn about fertilization of orchids!
Orchid fertilization: we should remember: the lack of fertility will not cause fatal damage to the orchid plant, nor will it cause too much impact on the growth and development of the orchid plant, but excessive fertilization or improper control of fertility will cause different degrees of negative effects on the orchid plant, and even death in serious cases. Even if we have mastered the principle of fertilization, we can't do it. For example, the weak seedlings can be raised at a certain point, and the strong seedlings can be grown only with more fertilizer, such as a fragrant soil, humus soil, and so on. But the vast majority of the novice orchid, you tell him not to add some fat to the basin, he will never give up. If you don't toss orchids to death, you won't give up. It's also one of the pleasures of raising orchids. Therefore, it is necessary to study, explore, practice and summarize the fertilization problem.
Orchid fertilization
1. Types of fertilizers:
1) Organic fertilizer: use soybean, peanut, corn, sesame, bean cake, rapeseed cake, sesame residue, rain sausage, etc. to Rett fertilizer water, 200 times of liquid to irrigate, and it is better to use it for more than half a year. This kind of fertilizer contains more potassium and nitrogen, which is suitable for spring application. It can promote the cell division of orchid, manage the water properly, and have high seedling rate. This kind of fertilizer has pungent odor after retting and fermentation, and has a large number of harmful bacteria and insects. It should be strictly sterilized and insecticidal, and can be used after adding insecticides such as acetamiprid for half an hour.
2) Chemical fertilizer: chemical fertilizer works fast, but not as mild as organic fertilizer. Old brand fertilizer like Huabao can be used safely.
Accurate grasp of fertilization is the understanding of the growth habits of orchid, so it is very important to understand the growth habits of orchid.
2. According to the growth habit of orchid, fertilizer management in different growth period was as follows
1) Germinating stage: the germinating temperature of orchid is 8-18 ℃ in spring. During this period, the root system of orchid revives, Lutou revives, and the mother cell begins to be active. After spraying Huabao 4 twice to promote Su fertilizer, the king of orchid fungus is added to facilitate germination when watering. During this period, there is no sign of growth on the surface of orchid. Weak seedlings must let it continue to sleep and fertilize later.
2) Growth period: 12-20 ℃ is the normal growth temperature of the orchid plant. At this time, the root system of the orchid plant begins to stretch. The autumn buds of last year broke the soil ahead of time, and the new buds of that year are also eager to try. This is the golden period for the growth and development of the orchid plant. At this time, we should pay attention to the water and fertilizer management of the orchid plant, and the fertilizer should be full price fertilizer or partial nitrogen fertilizer. Nitrogen fertilizer should not be too large, otherwise it is easy to cause soft, thin, large leaves of new seedlings, and carbon maggot disease. This is the first time to apply fertilizer according to the amount.
Orchid fertilization
3) Vigorous growth period in spring and summer: 20-32 ℃ is the vigorous growth period of orchid. Meiyu period. The orchid plants grew rapidly in this period. Although the orchid plants needed a lot of fertility under such temperature, the root fertilizer we used in the previous period still remained in the basin (with little or no coarse material, we still need to continue to apply fertilizer). Therefore, the root fertilizer must be thin at this time, so as to reduce the risk of fertilizer damage to the orchid plants due to the increase of air temperature. Phosphorus and potassium fertilizer is the main fertilizer, full price fertilizer can also be applied, no or less nitrogen fertilizer. This period of time is a period of high incidence of diseases and insect pests, we should strengthen the ventilation and water control, and seriously do a good job in the prevention and control of diseases and insect pests.
4) Stagnant period: refers to the short stagnant period when the temperature is above 35 ℃, but not many times in a day are above 35 ℃. In high temperature period, the growth of orchid is the most rapid, and it is also the most prone to soft rot and diameter rot. in order to prevent corrosion, plus the early fertilization, some fertilizer residues or the plant material itself is fertile. In dog days, we should seize the opportunity to increase the amount of watering, never fertilize. We should repeatedly water 2-3 times each time, and use the water to take away the remaining fertility in the orchid basin. Such repeated 3-4 times can make the planting materials in the basin light and moderate, which is an important measure for orchid plants to spend the summer safely.
5) Vigorous growth period in autumn: 32-20 ℃ in autumn is the vigorous growth period of orchid. Because we dilute the planting materials in summer, and the orchid needs a lot of fertility at this time, we should timely irrigate the root fertilizer (the second deliberate fertilization), mainly phosphorus and potassium fertilizer.
6) Hibernation period: under 8 ℃, the growth of orchid basically stops and then enters hibernation, and foliar fertilizer can be sprayed appropriately.
Orchid fertilization
3. Key points of fertilization:
1) Different fertilizer properties of plant materials should be treated differently.
2) For example, Cymbidium needs a large amount of fertilizer, while Cymbidium needs a small amount of fertilizer, as long as one fifth of Cymbidium.
3) After fertilizing in the evening of high temperature day, the next morning should be watered with "Reviving water", which has two functions: one is to wash away the fertilizer liquid on the leaves of orchid; the other is to drench away the surplus fertilizer in the pot material, so as to avoid fertilizer damage and orchid plant.
4) The new orchid plants in the basin could not be fertilized until they grew more than 3cm long roots.
5) Do not apply fertilizer on low temperature days below 10 ° C, high temperature days above 35 ° C and rainy days with saturated humidity, which is the same as watering.
6) It depends on the fertilization of leaves. If the quality of blue leaves is thin and the color is light, it means lack of fertilizer. If the quality of blue leaves is thick and the color is green, it means no lack of fertilizer. If the leaf color remains unchanged, it means that the fertilizer is too light and the concentration should be increased. If the leaf tip is withered and scorched, it means that too much or too much fertilizer should be used, and a large amount of water should be immediately watered or the soil should be turned over for rescue, otherwise it will definitely die.
7) Too much wet fertilizer or too little dry fertilizer is not suitable to absorb.
8) The application of animal fertilizer and plant fertilizer, must be fully fermented, not fresh fertilizer, otherwise orchid will die.
9) Fertilizer mixing should be scientific. Generally, it is necessary to master that acid and alkali are not mixed, and biological bacterial fertilizer is not mixed with other fertilizers.
10) Spraying method should pay attention to, because the fertilizer should be absorbed into the body through the stomata of leaves, and the stomata of leaves are mainly on the back of leaves, so spraying mainly on the back of leaves, the nozzle should be upward, the fog point should be fine, and the chances of spraying on the back of leaves are more. At the same time, do not spray too much.
11) Spraying growth hormone cautiously, growth hormone can promote plant growth and development, improve germination rate, promote early maturity, and increase yield, but its main function is to promote cell elongation, which will lead to rapid growth and even lodging after application.
12) Urea can not be applied by root, but by spray.
13) No magnesium or manganese can be applied to Yilan.
14) The flower bud has a strong ability to absorb fertilizer but a weak ability to bear it, so it will fail to bloom.
4. Conclusion:
Try to apply less or no fertilizer. General planting materials, ordinary seedlings, 5 ~ 6 times a year even if a lot of fertilizer.
Orchid people are a little crazy about orchid. They come out in groups to scare people when they are in bloom, which is called Orchid Exhibition. LAN Wang Shen Yuan often gets up early at 4 or 5 o'clock to collect dew and come to Zilan. That's the most crazy. Toss and toss in order to better grasp the orchid.