Fleshy tissue culture, it sounds like it's very tall. Have you ever heard of tissue culture with meat? Do you know what fleshy tissue culture is? Today, I'd like to introduce you to those things about tissue culture of meat!
What is succulent tissue culture? What is succulent tissue culture: it refers to the process of obtaining new seedlings (Clonal Seedlings) through asexual vegetative propagation using a certain part of succulent plants, also known as plant cloning.
What do you mean by "tissue culture" which leads to market turbulence?
To be exact, it should be "in vitro rapid propagation", which is a branch of tissue culture technology - in vitro rapid propagation. This technology evolved from leaf cutting and root cutting. We used soil to do leaf cutting and root cutting, while "rapid propagation" was made from synthetic matrix, which looked like jelly, and the container was changed from flowerpot to glass bottle. This is the plant tissue culture factory that you saw later on TV.
2、 Why can the culture medium in glass bottle achieve rapid propagation?
The reason lies in the superior external environment and the role of plant hormones. The temperature, light and humidity of the rapid propagation laboratory are constant, and the "medium" contains sufficient nutrition and strong plant hormones. These hormones can adjust the growth state of plants according to human will, let them sprout or root (but this also depends on the operator's academic level and experience, the people who can operate hormone calmly are limited in China).
When we do leaf cutting and beheading, we also use some hormones skillfully. In fact, the behavior of adding hormones to leaf cuttings and decapitated plants is the same as the nature and principle of "rapid propagation", and the seedlings obtained are also exactly the same. Many people don't realize this, but think that different propagation methods will lead to different seedling traits. In fact, the difference lies in the nutrient enrichment, that is, the plumpness of the seedlings. The leaf cuttings are always weaker than the decapitated ones, and the traits appear later. This is caused by the endogenous hormones and nutrition in the location, but the genome is completely consistent, and there will be no character drift. Only chimeric traits, such as brocade, may have a "probability" difference between leaf cutting and beheading.
What is fleshy tissue culture
Let's go back to the "tissue culture" (in fact, rapid propagation in vitro) in the eyes of the public. Due to the dynamic changes of plant hormones, the in vitro plant tissues can sprout according to the wishes of human beings. Because the asexual propagation of plants is considered to be infinite, the species can be expanded infinitely in the "rapid propagation" mode of tissue culture Miao, which is also the most lethal place to "harm" the market. However, it must be pointed out that the unlimited propagation of tissue culture seedlings also has a cost, which is not like the magic of Liu Qian. Many people think that tissue culture has no cost or low cost and is worthless. In fact, they do not know about tissue culture.
If you want to obtain tens of thousands of seedlings, you must have a special tissue culture laboratory or factory. This operation cost is quite huge, which can be said that ordinary manufacturers can not do it. So far, large tissue culture factories have been funded by ZF, in other words, most of the people engaged in tissue culture seedling production, the cost is paid by the state. You can't afford to pay for a tissue culture factory.
In the 1970s, the technique of tissue culture was widely used in the production of small plants in Europe and America. The mature technology of artificial synthesis and regulation of temperature, light, humidity, water and fertilizer, especially the emergence of high-efficiency light supplement lamp promoted the rapid development of tissue culture. The plants that could only be cultivated in single-layer sunlight greenhouse can now be used for plant breeding and production in indoor artificial light environment. Is "tissue culture" (in vitro rapid propagation) good or not?
Rapid propagation seedlings are obtained almost entirely by hormone regulation, which leads to a problem: whether the person who controls hormones understands the characteristics of plants, whether they are familiar with hormone theory and plant physiology, and whether they have enough experience to control tissue culture technology, all of which determine the quality of tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings.
If the process of tissue culture and rapid propagation is strictly controlled, the seedlings obtained by tissue culture or rapid propagation are exactly the same as those obtained from leaf cuttings and decapitated seedlings, thus preserving the complete genome of plants to the greatest extent. This is the biggest advantage of tissue culture and rapid propagation, which determines that the propagation and germplasm conservation of important crops and precious flowers are all done by tissue culture and rapid propagation. Even today, our life, including eating, is inseparable from tissue culture and rapid propagation. Transgenic plants also need to be completed by means of tissue culture and rapid propagation platform. We have at least 30 kinds of derivative products of transgenic plants in our life.
Due to the uncontrollability of natural factors, the comprehensive cost and risk of natural free breeding and breeding succulent plants, especially precious species, has been much higher than that of indoor centralized cultivation relying on artificial lighting technology and modern air conditioning technology.
What is fleshy tissue culture
3、 What are the disadvantages of "tissue culture" (in vitro rapid propagation)?
1. Lack of hardening: tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings have poor stress resistance and self-control because they survive in a nearly perfect environment. In other words, children fed with hormones need to be domesticated and cultivated after entering the greenhouse from the laboratory, which is called "hardening". The quality of the hardened tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings is exactly the same or even better than that of the decapitated and leafed seedlings. So what are the disadvantages? That is, some businesses sell tissue culture seedlings without complete hardening, which leads to the rapid liquefaction and death of seedlings after purchase.
2. Hormone residue: due to the accumulation of more hormones in the body or the change of sensitivity to hormones, a small number of plantlets will show some residual hormone effects after rooting at the later stage, and this effect will not exceed one year. For example, it is easy to sprout lateral buds, increase flowering or cycle disorder, and a large number of abnormal roots appear. However, this condition is not unique to tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings, and it can also appear in leaf cuttings and decapitated seedlings induced by hormone, even more exaggerated! Therefore, this is not the basis for distinguishing tissue culture seedlings. Generally, this situation will gradually improve after the seedlings adapt to the new environment for one year, until the transition to normal seedlings. It should be emphasized here that only a small number of tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings will appear this state, not all of them. That is to say, the seedlings that we buy in good condition may also be tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings.
What is fleshy tissue culture
3. Effect on sexual reproduction: since the seedlings obtained by tissue culture and rapid propagation are all young seedlings, they need hardening and long-term greenhouse cultivation before flowering, so generally speaking, it has no effect on sexual reproduction. However, due to the change of hormone sensitivity, some individual seedlings will have some problems in late pollination and seed setting, but most of them promote seed setting. This is very interesting, that is to say, some tissue culture seedlings are easy to pollinate successfully and obtain a large number of seeds. One of the most popular rumors is "sterility of tissue culture plants", which is just the opposite! In fact, it is easier for tissue culture seedlings to obtain a large number of seeds.
4. Abnormal root primordium: due to the hormone environment will cause root primordium vascular bundle disorder, which leads to root may be inhibited, normal roots can not germinate smoothly. Generally speaking, during the hardening of tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings, this part of abnormal root primordia can be cut off to obtain normal roots. Only a few operators who are not familiar with succulent tissue culture will ignore this point, and experienced tissue culture operators will deliberately remove this part of root primordia. If we do not remove this part of the root primordium, it can be used as a sign to identify tissue culture seedlings, that is, the root has a section of extremely twisted concentrated stem. This part of leaves is very thin and narrow, with side-by-side abnormal roots or root primordia. If we get such seedlings, it is actually very simple to cut them off completely with a knife. However, it must also be pointed out here that abnormal root primordia may also exist in hormone induced cuttings and decapitated seedlings! The implication is that this is not the gold standard for judging tissue culture seedlings.
Even if it is not tissue culture seedlings, after we purchase new plants, we should also carry out root treatment, young plant domestication, that is, refining seedlings, to adapt to the new environment. Because no matter what kind of seedling raising method is adopted, the advantages of its environment are incomparable to the conventional home environment, so new plants are needed to adapt slowly. The root temperature, water quality, light and ambient temperature were the first to start.
What is fleshy tissue culture
4、 How to identify tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings
According to the problems mentioned above about tissue culture and rapid propagation seedlings, it is obvious that if a tissue culture and rapid propagation seedling is hardened, or even after half a year to one year of greenhouse domestication, I can say with confidence that no one can tell that this is tissue culture seedling.
5、 So how do we try to distinguish?
1. First of all, it depends on the number and whether there are many similar seedlings. If a new variety obtains a large number of seedlings with similar appearance and size in a short period of time, we can directly suspect that this is tissue culture seedlings, because the general female parent can not obtain more than 10 identical seedlings by decapitation and leaf cutting, and generally there will be differences in size. But now businesses are also very smart, may not launch so many at a time, slowly put on the market, it is difficult to identify.
For example, the ghost rock cities that appeared sporadically in the past two years. In fact, looking back today, there are so many ghost rock cities that we can suspect that they are tissue culture. For example, the Forbidden City, green island and some varieties of silver can be included in the suspected objects. However, it must be objectively said that there is nothing wrong with these tissue culture seedlings. Some people say that some traits are different from standard plants. I think there are many reasons for this. They are closely related to the quality of female parents selected by those who engaged in tissue culture and rapid propagation, and also related to later cultivation, so it can not be generalized. I bought a lot of tissue culture guiyancheng as a cross parent, I think it is very good, affordable and efficient! And these ghost rock city after a period of time, the window will also become transparent (some people say that the window is frosted), I think it is closely related to the cultivation environment.
What is fleshy tissue culture
2. According to the state of the seedlings, the seedlings without hardening are generally tender green, water soaked, rootless or with abnormal roots, and slender like grass. These are the characteristics of non hardening tissue culture seedlings. If we get such seedlings, generally speaking, most enthusiasts can't feed them, because the hardening step is very professional, we must give exogenous nutrition and hormone maintenance to smoothly transition. After hardening, generally speaking, the seedlings have roots, are relatively strong, and the epidermis is is dark green or has characteristic windows. These seedlings are difficult to distinguish from the decapitated seedlings. Only a few people who engage in tissue culture can distinguish them. When the hardened seedlings have been cultivated for one year, those who engage in tissue culture can not tell.
3. The deformity of seedlings, this kind of abnormal seedlings should be thrown away in the production process, unless the fans are crazy, they will get the market to cheat. Abnormal seedlings are difficult to harden. Often this kind of abnormal seedlings refers to the seedlings without clear growth point, or the leaves are seriously twisted into wrapped state, and new leaves cannot sprout normally. as