Sihai network

Cultivation method of sunflower: avoid water accumulation in basin soil

Sunflower is evergreen all the year round with dense branches and leaves. It is a good potted plant for indoor decoration, giving people a natural and leisurely feeling. So how is the sunflower cultivated? What good method is there in breeding? What matters should be paid attention to in the cultivation of sunflower? Please read with me with questions!

The best breeding time: spring and summer.

The best growing soil: the loose soil with rich humus is suitable for sunflower. Potted sunflower can be cultivated with sapropelic soil, peat soil and 1 / 3 river sand or perlite and base fertilizer.

Growth humidity requirements: like humid climate environment, the relative temperature of air in the growth environment is required to be 70-80%. If the air relative humidity is too low, the leaf tip will be dried up.

The best growth temperature: Solanum formosana is native to tropical areas and likes high temperature environment. It has strict requirements on winter temperature. When it is lower than 10 ℃, it grows slowly and begins to enter into semi dormancy or dormancy state. When it is lower than 5 ℃, it can not survive the winter safely; in summer, when the temperature is above 35 ℃, it can also tolerate, but its growth will be temporarily hindered. The optimum growth temperature is 18 ~ 30 ℃.

Best growth light: light requirements are not strict, like full sunlight, but also resistant to half shade, but the growth is better when the light is sufficient. In indoor cultivation, it should be placed in a strong scattered light; it can also withstand a darker environment, but it should be regularly moved to the outdoor light, which is better for maintenance, in order to facilitate recovery and maintain a higher ornamental state.

The attention points of raising sunflower with stem: spraying fertilizer: the vigorous growth period is from May to October, and sufficient water and fertilizer conditions must be provided. Generally, the decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer should be applied once every 1-2 weeks to promote the vigorous growth of the plant, and the leaves are dark green. In autumn and winter, the fertilizer can be reduced or not, and the basin soil should be kept dry and wet.

Key points of watering: watering should follow the principle of dry and wet according to the season. More water should be poured in dry and hot seasons, and water should be controlled in low temperature and rainy days. In the north of China, especially where the water contains more salt and alkali, it is necessary to use alum to regulate soil acidity. Usually keep basin soil moist. During the high temperature period in summer and autumn, it is necessary to keep high air humidity around the plant, but water in basin soil should be avoided to avoid root rot.

Pruning tips: in winter, when plants enter dormancy or semi dormancy period, they should cut off the branches that are thin and weak, diseases and insect pests, withered, and over dense. After 2 years of cultivation, it is necessary to cut the leaves of the ground sunflower for continuous maintenance. It is mainly the maintenance of shading equipment, because with the continuous growth of the plant, shading equipment can not meet the requirements of plant growth height, in typhoon season, it is easy to break the shade net. The second is plant rejuvenation. Because of the obvious growth advantage of the main stem, the growth of lateral buds is affected, resulting in the decline of yield; and the continuous tillering of the plant makes the plant type too large, resulting in insufficient growth space, insufficient light, and unable to keep up with the nutrition, and finally the quality of leaves is greatly reduced. The main measures are to comprehensively rejuvenate and prune the plants and remove the bad and good ones. The main measures are to cut off the high and large trunk at 30-40 cm away from the soil surface, and cut off some diseased and weak branches; if the plant type is too large, it can be divided into branches and clusters, and 6-10 strong branches will be left to be replanted, and the soil should be well cultivated and the root setting water should be drenched.

Basin soil replacement: the basin soil should be changed once every 2-3 years. The basin soil can be mixed with 1 / 3 mountain mud and 2 / 3 river sand, or mixed with half of river sand and fermented sawdust. Clay basin or uranium basin is used to facilitate drainage and ventilation.

Breeding points: in fact, it is not very difficult to breed sunflower, but sowing propagation and ramet propagation can also be used.

[sowing and propagation]: the seeds used are not suitable to be collected in China, but imported from abroad. If the seeds can be obtained, wash the flesh of the fruits and soak the seeds in 35 ℃ warm water for two days. Transplant with germination. Spray more foliar water on sunny days. Generally, the growth rate is slow in young stage and rapid in adult stage.

[ramet propagation]: in April or so, the plants with more tillers in the base were selected and some old basin soil was removed, and then they were divided into several clumps by sharp knife from the base junction. Each clump should not be too small, there must be 2-3 plants, and keep good root system. Otherwise, it will grow slowly and affect the ornamental. After transplanting, they were placed in a high humidity environment and often sprayed water to facilitate the growth recovery.

Pest control: leaf spot disease, leaf tip and leaf edge are the most vulnerable, resulting in withering and curling. In the early stage of the disease, 50% carbendazim WP 500 times solution was used for control. In addition, it may be harmful to scale insects, which can be sprayed with 1500 times of 40% Omethoate EC.

Hydroponics and soil culture: Hydroponics: Hydroponics must control the water level, should be low rather than high. Roots in water can be used, or even less (keep the adaptation period for one month, and then increase the amount of water). In the process of hydroponics, when there are water droplets on the tip of the leaves, it is necessary to lower the water level properly and avoid direct sunlight at the beginning. When the nutrient content of nutrient solution changes greatly, or precipitates, turbid, malodorous and pathogen infection, the nutrient solution should be renewed as appropriate until it is completely renewed.

Soil culture: the flowerpot used for planting sunflower in soil culture should select the common plastic flowerpot with appropriate diameter and bottom hole according to the plant size. The substrate should be a composite substrate with good drainage and permeability, water and fertilizer conservation, such as vermiculite: Perlite: peat: 1:1 2: 1. Before planting, the perlite should be soaked with water, and a layer of plastic cloth should be laid at the bottom of the basin to prevent the matrix from flowing out with water, and then 2-3 cm thick ceramsite was laid on the plastic cloth as drainage layer, and then planting. At the same time, the substrate should be compacted by hand. Finally, the surface of the basin should be covered with ceramsite soaked with water to prevent watering from overturning the substrate and algae. The experience of cultivating sunflower: 1. Sunflower is afraid of cold and has weak cold resistance. It must keep the soil moist and the air humidity around the plant in the growing season.

2. In the winter period, it is also necessary to wash the leaf surface frequently or spray a small amount of water on the leaf surface to keep the leaf surface clean.

3. Generally, it is necessary to apply decomposed liquid fertilizer or compound fertilizer once every 1-2 weeks to promote the vigorous growth of the plant, and the leaf color is dark green. In autumn and winter, less or no fertilizer can be applied.

4. Sufficient water and fertilizer conditions should be provided for the cultivation of sunflower. Usually keep the basin soil moist, summer and autumn high temperature period, but also often keep high air humidity around the plant, but avoid basin soil water, so as to avoid root rot.