Mentha haplocalyx is a plant of Labiatae family, which belongs to the same genus of other dry whole grass. It is mostly grown on the side of mountain wetland and river. How is such a good Mint cultivated? What good method is there in breeding? What should be paid attention to in breeding? Please read with me with questions!
The cultivation method of fresh mint leaf mint (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: the suitable period for seed sowing is from March to April in spring and from September to October in autumn. Rhizome propagation: it can be planted in spring or before winter. It is usually planted in late March to early April, and planted before winter around late October.
The best growing soil: Mentha haplocalyx don't have very strict requirements on soil. Except for the soil which is too sandy, too sticky, too heavy pH and poor drainage, the general soil can be planted, and sandy loam and alluvial soil are better. The pH value of soil pH is 6-7.5.
Requirements of growth humidity: Mentha haplocalyx has strong adaptability to environmental conditions, can grow in areas below 2100 meters above sea level and grow in tidal wetlands near water, with altitude up to 3500 meters.
The best growth temperature: Mentha haplocalyx has strong adaptability to temperature, its rhizome can survive the winter, and can tolerate - 15 ℃ low temperature. The optimum temperature for its growth is 25 ℃～ 30 ℃. When the temperature is lower than 15 ℃, the growth is slow, and when the temperature is higher than 20 ℃, the growth is faster. At 20 ℃ ~ 30 ℃, as long as water and fertilizer are suitable, the higher the temperature, the faster the growth.
The best growth light: Mentha haplocalyx is a long sunshine crop and likes sunshine.
Notes on centralized cultivation of peppermint: fertilizer application: the cultivation of peppermint needs fertilizer, and peppermint likes fertilizer. Fertilizer is applied once a month during its growth period. The fertilizer is mainly nitrogen fertilizer, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer can be properly applied. If it is necessary to harvest branches and leaves during the growth period, topdressing should be carried out during harvesting to promote the recovery of good plant shape. Key points of watering:
(1) In the early and middle stage, the water requirement of Mentha haplocalyx is more, especially in the early growth stage, the root system has not yet formed, so it needs more water. Generally, water should be poured once every 15 days, and 4-5 times from emergence to harvest. After sealing, appropriate amount of light water should be poured to avoid the rapid growth of stems and leaves and lodging, resulting in the lower leaves falling off and reducing the yield. Water was cut off 20-25 days before harvest. (2) Peppermint like humid soil environment, more resistant to moisture, especially in the growth period to keep the soil moist, but the amount of water should not be too large, no waterlogging. Usually, when watering, we should keep the habit of "not dry, not watering, watering thoroughly". If we use rice washing water, it will be more beneficial to the growth of peppermint; in winter, we should reduce the frequency and amount of watering. Pruning tips: keep Mint must be regularly pruned, old seedlings do not have a fragrance can be cut. Pot soil replacement: a large number of plants can be separated when the pots are turned over and changed in spring every year. Keep basin soil wet at ordinary times. Breeding points:
1. Rhizome propagation: the cultivation of seed roots is carried out in late April or late August. In the field, the plants with strong growth and no diseases and insect pests were selected as mother plants, and the row spacing was 20 × 10 cm. After harvesting the stems and leaves on the ground in early winter, the rhizomes remain in place as seed plants.
2. Ramet propagation: the height of mint seedling is about 15cm, so it should be thinned and supplemented. The seedlings were transplanted separately.
3. Cutting propagation: from May to June, the stems and branches on the ground were cut into 10 cm long cuttings. On the whole seedbed, the cuttings were carried out according to the row spacing of 7 × 3cm. After rooting and germination, they were transplanted to the field for cultivation.
Disease control:
1. Black shank. The main disease of Mentha haplocalyx is black shank, which occurs at seedling stage. The symptoms are shrinkage and depression of stem base, blackening and decay, lodging and withering of plant. In the prevention and control, 70% chlorothalonil or 40% carbendazim 100-150g per mu can be sprayed with water.
2. Peppermint rust. It is easy to be released in 5~7 months and spray with 1000~1500 times of 25% Triadimefon.
3. Spot blight. From May to October, spraying 65% mancozeb 500 times solution at the initial stage of the disease can be controlled once a week.
Water culture and soil culture of Mentha haplocalyx
1. Mint like light, like water, so, should be placed in a place with sufficient light, can not always stay in the shade can not see the sun, so it is difficult to produce photosynthesis, rooting less, also difficult to grow leaves.
2. I don't need to change the water every day. I usually change it once a week. If there is less water in the bottle, I will add a little more, but don't fill it up. I'll drop some nutrient solution into the water to supply the menthol nutrients.
3. Peppermint likes water, so I will spray water twice a day on the leaves, using a small watering pot. In fact, the amount of water sprinkled is not much, but because it is foggy, it is fully absorbed.
4. Even with such care, the leaves will turn black. I usually pick them when I see them. Vanilla plants are not afraid to pick them, but the more they are picked, the more prosperous they are. Black leaves may also be contagious, so early removal is important.
5. When changing water, wash the roots, remove some rotten leaves, and keep the bottles and whole Mint clean.
6. Mentha haplocalyx grows very fast, both hydroponics and soil culture. So it can branch in time, i.e. cut off one branch and divide it into two branches to continue hydroponics or soil culture.
Peppermint soil culture: the soil requirements are not strict, in addition to the acid and alkaline soil can be cultivated. It is better to select scattered land with sufficient illumination such as pond, house and canal with drainage and irrigation conditions. The soil is fertile and the terrain is flat. Sandy soil, lack of light, drought, easy ponding land is not easy to plant. The land that has been planted with mint should be fallow for about 3 years before it can be planted again. The yield was affected by the residual roots in the ground. Soil preparation, deep ploughing, application of decomposed compost, soil and miscellaneous fertilizer, superphosphate, bone meal and other basic fertilizers, 37500-45000 kg / ha, fine raking, shallow hoeing, turning fertilizer into the soil, crushing the soil, harrowing and making a border width of 200cm.
Peppermint can be used in tea cultivation experience: 1, mint like warm and humid environment, frost free period should be more than 200 days. In addition to heavy alkaline land and heavy clay soil, sandy land, can be planted, but fertile loam and sandy loam are better. Sunlight plays an important role in increasing the content of menthol and peppermint oil, especially in the flowering period of pregnant buds. Therefore, mint should not be planted in the shade.
2. Mentha is a long sunshine plant. It is desirable to have sufficient sunshine and dry weather at the flowering stage, which can improve oil content and brain capacity. If there is too much rain in the later stage, it is easy to grow in vain, the leaves are thin, the lower part of the plant is easy to fall off, and there are many diseases. It likes neutral soil. Sandy loam, loam and humus soil with pH value of 6.5-7.5 can be planted. Peppermint like fertilizer, especially nitrogen fertilizer, avoid continuous cropping. Menthol and menthol can promote the accumulation of mint oil.