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Fingered citron breeding methods and precautions: like warm and humid, sunshine

Bergamot is a tropical and subtropical plant, which likes warm, humid and sunny environment. So how is Bergamot cultivated? What good method is there in breeding? What should be paid attention to in the cultivation of bergamot? Please read with me with questions!

Long good fingered citron breeding methods (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: mid late March.

The best growing soil: Bergamot is suitable for growing in acid loam, sandy loam or clay loam with deep soil layer, loose and fertile, rich in humus and well drained.

Growth humidity requirements: the most suitable humidity of bergamot is 70% - 90%.

The optimum growth temperature: the optimum temperature for Bergamot growth is 22 ~ 24 ℃, and the wintering temperature is above 5 ℃.

The best growth light is 1200-1800 hours.

Notes on potted Bergamot Cultivation: fertilizer application:

1. In spring, fertilization should be light. Nitrogen fertilizer should be applied in combination with watering once a week.

2. Summer is a vigorous period for the growth of bergamot. The main fertilizers are dry cake, bone meal, decomposed animal visceral fluid or compound fertilizer.

3. During the period from early autumn to mid autumn, the compound fertilizer of P, K and Ca should be applied to improve the fruit setting rate. In late autumn, after picking the fruit, we should apply phosphorus and potassium fertilizer in time, so that the plant can be supplied with a large amount of nutrition, restore growth, and lay a foundation for the next year's flowering and fruiting.

Key points of watering:

1. The root system of bergamot is shallow, so it is necessary to water it frequently.

2. In the vigorous growth period of bergamot, it is in the high temperature in summer, and the water demand is large. In addition to watering in the morning and in the evening, it is also necessary to spray water to increase the environmental humidity.

3. After autumn, the amount of water can be reduced gradually.

4. In the low temperature period of late winter and early spring, indoor evaporation is slow, which can be watered once every three or five days to keep the basin soil moist.

5. The current period is in the early stage of flowering and fruiting, so it is not suitable to water too much to prevent a large number of flowers and fruits.

Pruning tips:

1. It is not suitable to let the flowers bloom when they are planted in the same year, but should be removed as soon as possible to promote the coarse growth and crown expansion of the tree.

2. Trees entering the peak period of flowers and fruits are usually pruned after budding in March and harvesting fruits in autumn and winter.

3. In order to reduce the nutrient consumption and improve the growth conditions, we should pay attention to remove the early flowers (that is, the flowers opened at the end of spring and early summer, because most of the flowers opened at this time can not bear fruit), and the redundant axillary buds sprouted on the branches of female flower stage should also be wiped off to reduce nutrient consumption, improve growth conditions, and achieve the goal of reducing Flower Drop and bearing more fruits.

4. Bergamot grows fast and has many branches. It must be pruned every year to make the tree vigorous and promote the distribution of fruiting branches evenly.

5. Pruning and shaping should be carried out after fruit picking and before budding in March. Cross branches, weak branches, disease and insect branches and dead branches should be cut off, and long branches should be cut.

6. Most of the short branches of bergamot are fruiting mother branches, which should be kept as far as possible. All summer shoots growing in summer should be cut off except for individual needs of expanding crown.

Breeding points:

1. Cutting propagation: before cutting preparation, 7-8-year-old and strong mother trees should be selected. The vigorous and healthy branches without diseases and insect pests should be cut off. The leaves and top tender shoots should be cut off, and the 17-20 cm long cuttings should be cut. The survival rate of cutting is above 90%, and the seedling growth is also very strong. The branches of young trees or long branches shall not be used. Because this kind of branch is not easy to bear fruit after planting. Cutting can be carried out from February to march in spring and from August to September in autumn. When inserting, make a transverse furrow on the border with a distance of 23-27 cm; insert the cuttings into the ditch according to the plant spacing of 15-17 cm, and do not insert them upside down. Generally, about 12000-15000 cuttings are needed per mu. After transplanting, the soil should be covered with soil and compacted so that a bud bud at the tip is exposed to the soil surface, and the soil should be drenched with water. It can be transplanted after one year of cultivation.

2. Grafting propagation: in spring and autumn. It is better to use citron or lemon as rootstock. The grafting methods are by grafting and abdominal grafting.

Basin soil replacement: generally, the basin should be changed or turned over once every 2 to 3 years, and new nutrient soil should be added, and the basin should be changed from February to March or from September to October. Remove the root circle, part of the root system and a small amount of basin soil after taking out the Bergamot from the basin, then put the Bergamot into the basin, add sufficient nutrient soil, gently compact and then pour water for once. At the same time, take out the Bergamot for moderate pruning. After changing the pot, it should be kept in the shade for a period of time, and the cash should be moved to the place with sunshine after the seedlings are completely slowed down.

Pest control:

The main diseases and insect pests of bergamot are leaf miner, red spider, rust tick, scale insect, anthrax, etc. Diseases and insect pests are closely related to the surrounding environment and physiological conditions. The prevention technology of "prevention first and comprehensive management" can greatly improve the prevention effect and achieve twice the result with half the effort

(1) Clear the garden: clear the fallen leaves and branches in winter.

(2) Trenching and drainage: deep ditches should be opened around the garden to reduce the groundwater level, maintain appropriate soil moisture and enhance soil permeability.

(3) Fertilization: after autumn, sufficient base fertilizer should be applied, 2500-3000 kg organic fertilizer should be applied per mu, nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled, and potassium, phosphorus and micro fertilizer should be increased.

(4) Leaf and fruit protection: Spraying Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium fertilizer, micro fertilizer and lufenwei on the leaves, spraying borax at the beginning and full flowering stage to improve the life span and photosynthetic capacity of leaves, promote branch maturity and nutrient accumulation, enhance plant resistance and increase yield.

(5) Chemical control: anthracnose was treated with 1000-1500 times of 25% carbendazim EC and 800 times of thiram. The leaf miner was treated with 2000 times of 0.6% miechongling and 2000-4000 times of 20% imidacloprid. Spider mites and wallhoppers were treated with 3 000-4 000 times of pyridaben, 1 000-15 000 times of Triadimefon and 2 500 times of propafenone. The scale insects were treated with 2 000 times of hypertonic imidacloprid and 1000 times of quick killing. Pay attention to the use of concentration to prevent drug damage.

The experience of cultivating Bergamot: (1) Bergamot is a tropical and subtropical plant. It likes warm, humid and sunny environment. It is not resistant to cold, frost and drought. It is resistant to shade, barren and waterlogging. It is suitable for cultivation in the area with sufficient rainfall and no freezing in winter.

(2) Bergamot is not easy to set fruit, so we should use various methods to promote fruit setting. In the bud stage, before and after flowering, organic fertilizer should be applied, and the thin organic liquid fertilizer should be applied once a week. After that, the abnormal buds and sick buds should be broken off, and not too many buds should be left. Only two or three buds with the best growth near the top of the branch should be kept, and excessive fruit setting should not be required.

(3) Citron is prone to yellow leaf disease and leaf abscission phenomenon, yellow leaf disease can be irrigated with 1% ferrous sulfate solution. If the rotten roots should be turned over immediately, the plants should be pulled out from the basin, the roots should be washed, and the rotten roots should be removed. After disinfection, they should be planted in the detoxified plain sand soil for maintenance, so that they can gradually recover their vitality.