Sihai network

Sunflower planting: it is very important to select land and species

Sunflower is also known as Chaoyang flower and sunflower. Most people have eaten sunflower seeds (commonly known as melon seeds), it is from Sunflower Growth Oh, then how to plant sunflower? Let's learn about how to grow sunflowers!

Sunflower in the sunset basic knowledge of planting sunflower

1. Temperature

Sunflower originated from the tropics, but it has strong adaptability to temperature. It is a kind of warm and cold resistant crop. Sunflower seeds have a strong ability of low temperature resistance. When the ground temperature is stable, above 2 ℃, the seeds start to sprout; when the ground temperature is 4-5 ℃, the seeds can sprout and take root; when the ground temperature is 8-10 ℃, the seeds can meet the needs of germination and emergence. The optimum temperature for germination is 31-37 ℃, and the maximum temperature is 38-44 ℃. During the whole growth process of sunflower, as long as the temperature is not lower than 10 ℃, it can grow normally. In the suitable temperature range, the higher the temperature, the faster the development.

2. Moisture

Sunflower plants are tall, with many and dense leaves, which are more water consuming crops. Its water absorption is 1.74 times that of corn. However, because its growth and development are mostly synchronous with the local rainfall and heat, the contradiction between water supply and demand is not prominent. The water requirement of different growth stages of sunflower is very different. From sowing to budding, the water demand is less than 1.9%. And drought is good for root growth and drought resistance. From budding to flowering, it is the peak of water demand, which accounts for 43% of the total water demand. Water shortage in this period has a great impact on the output. This stage coincides with more rainfall, which can basically meet the water demand of Sunflower Growth and development. If it is too dry, it needs to be replenished with water. Water demand from flowering to maturity is also large, accounting for about 38% of the total water. If the water content is insufficient, it will not only affect the yield, but also reduce the oil content.

3. Light

Sunflowers are short sunshine crops. But it's not very sensitive to sunlight. For example, under the sunshine condition of Tianjin, it can bloom and mature normally without special treatment. Sunflower likes enough sunshine, and its seedlings, leaves and flower plates all have strong phototropism. Sufficient sunshine can prevent the seedlings from growing in vain; sufficient sunshine can promote the vigorous growth of stems and leaves, normal flowering and pollination, and improve the seed setting rate in the middle stage of growth; sufficient sunshine and plump seeds in the later stage of growth of sunflower.

4. Soil

Sunflower can grow on all kinds of soil, from fertile soil to dry land, barren and saline alkali land. Strong salt and alkali resistance.

Precautions for sunflower planting with good growth: 1. Prevention of drought and drought: according to the law of water demand and drought tolerance of sunflower, it is generally necessary to master the effect of drought prevention and drought resistance during the period from sowing to seedling emergence, such as top ice sowing, drought sowing for soil moisture, soaking seeds before sowing, etc. At this stage, the growth of the aboveground part of the seedlings is slow, and the root system grows very fast. Therefore, the seedlings can be squatted without watering. From budding stage to flowering stage, the water demand accounts for 43% of the total demand of the whole life, which is the key period. In the rainy season, measures such as high soil cultivation and deep trenching should be taken to drain and prevent waterlogging.

2. Prevention and control of diseases and insect pests: we should do a good job in the prediction and prediction of diseases and insect pests. Once they happen, we should prevent and control them immediately, and strive to achieve early treatment and minor treatment. When the temperature reaches 18-20 ℃, 30-45 kg of pentachloronitrobenzene and 150-230 kg of wet fine sand are used for each hectare. After mixing, they are sprinkled on the ground of sunflower to inhibit the germination of sclerotinia disease. After 15 days, they are sprinkled with medicine again. In the early August, the larvae of sunflower borer can be sprayed with 500 times 90% trichlorfon solution for 2-3 times.

A little knowledge (experience) of sunflower planting 1. Variety selection

There are many kinds of sunflowers, including edible, potted and cut flowers. Cut flower varieties should be selected for cut flower cultivation. At present, common sunflower cultivars are F1 generation of hybrid and "non pollen" varieties, such as golden 08, double petal golden auspicious and Sanyangkaitai. Select varieties for different purposes as required. The seeds shall be selected from the varieties that have been tested locally and approved (registered), and the quality shall meet the national standards.

2. Seed treatment

Sun seed for 2-3 days before sowing in order to enhance the activity of enzyme in the seed and increase the germination power and germination rate. Uncoated seeds were treated with 150 ml of 40% phoxim, 5-7.5 kg of water and 25-30 kg of seed dressing. In order to prevent Sclerotinia, the seeds can be soaked in 500 fold solution of 50% carbendazim for 4 hours, or mixed with 0.5% - 0.6% of the weight of seeds.

Sunflowers towards the light

3. Site selection

To plant sunflower, it is necessary to select the loam or sandy loam with deep soil layer, medium soil strength, flat terrain, convenient irrigation and drainage, and no sunflower in 3-5 years. Wheat and legumes are the best crops.

4. Land preparation

Do a good job in autumn and autumn irrigation, the depth of autumn shall be more than 20cm, and strive to loosen the land once every three years; in areas where conditions permit, delay the time of watering as much as possible, and ensure the quality of autumn irrigation, so as to ensure the soil moisture in the next year.

Before sowing, the land preparation method should be determined according to the soil moisture and varieties. Because of the long growth period and early sowing time of the conventional varieties, the soil moisture is better at this time. The method of land preparation before sowing can be adopted, that is, turning the soil shallowly before sowing or using the rotary tiller to plough the land, then raking it vertically and horizontally in time, and directly sowing after pressing. The growth period of hybrid is short and the sowing time is late. At this time, the temperature rises, the evaporation is large, and the soil moisture is poor. We can adopt the method of preparing the land first, then covering the film, then watering, and then sowing. The land preparation shall be level, broken and free of heavy debris.

5. Basal fertilizer

Combined with autumn ploughing, each mu of composted organic fertilizer will be ploughed to 2500-3000 kg. Before sowing, 10 kg DAP or 15 kg ternary compound fertilizer per mu is suitable for deep application of seed fertilizer.

The sunflower of courage

6. Sowing time

The seeds of cut flower sunflower are large, which are used for cut flower cultivation and production. The seedlings are usually sown in the hole plate. The mixed soil of peat, culture soil and sand is used as the sowing soil. One seed is sown in each hole. After sowing, the soil is covered with 0.8-1.0cm soil. The soil is watered and kept wet. After 4-7 days of germination, the seedlings can be planted when the height is 5-6cm. The specific sowing time is determined by the flower supply time. If flowers are used in May, they will be sown in February to March; if flowers are used in October, they will be sown in August. The seeds of Ornamental Sunflower are large, 25-50 seeds per gram, and the suitable temperature for germination is 21-24 ℃. In the open field, it is usually planted in holes, and in the sowing tray, it will germinate 7-10 days after sowing. The germination rate was 80% - 90%. Take potted dwarf species for example. It takes 50-60 days from sowing to flowering.

7. Planting

The planting density is determined according to the test. There are 2000-2500 seedlings per mu for common sunflower seeds, 3000-3500 seedlings per mu for hybrid sunflower seeds, and 3500-4000 seedlings per mu for oil sunflower seeds. The row spacing of planting plants should be 20 × 40 cm to obtain uniform flowers. Sometimes the spacing between plants and rows should be adjusted according to the soil fertility of the soil itself and the requirements of the market for the stem coarseness.

8. Mulching sowing

The method of mulching first, then sowing, planting in large and small rows was adopted. 70 cm plastic film was used, and the film was covered mechanically before sowing. One film covered two lines, with a depth of 2-3 cm. After sowing, the soil was covered shallowly. The quality of membrane laying shall be close to the combination of the membrane and the ground, and the damaged areas shall be covered with soil tightly, and a soil belt shall be laid horizontally every 5-10 meters or so to prevent the destruction of the membrane when the wind blows. The conventional seeds are usually sown 3-5 days after mulching, with 2-3 seeds per hole and 0.75kg per mu. After mulching, the hybrid seeds should be watered in time. After watering, they should be sown when the land is fast drying. Two seeds per hole, or one seed per hole, and two seeds per hole, with a sowing capacity of 0.5kg per mu.

9. Planting management

Sufficient light should be given at the beginning of sowing to prevent the plants from growing in vain. Less fertilizer can be applied to limit the excessive flower head and stem, which is not conducive to bottle insertion. Sufficient water is needed in seedling stage. If the soil fertility is too poor, the nitrogen fertilizer is mainly applied in the early stage, and the phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied in the pregnancy stage, the water should be properly controlled in the bud stage. However, under the conditions of strong light and high temperature, due to the tall plants, lush leaves and large water consumption, water should be applied in time to prevent the leaves from wilting and affecting the normal growth of the plants, resulting in the decline of cut flower quality. When cultivated in open field, the root system is relatively developed, resistant to drought, not much watering in spring, when the temperature rises in early summer and the water evaporation is large, supplementary watering is needed. But the potted ornamental sunflower, the tree is big and the pot is small, the growth period must water in time, otherwise the leaf is easy to dehydrate and wither. However, it should not be too wet, too high humidity, and the base leaves are prone to yellowing. According to the size of the crown of the upper part of the ground, 10-15cm basin is selected for Ornamental Sunflower. Fertilize once every ten days in growth period, or use "Huiyou" 15-15-30 potted flower special fertilizer. If you watch the flower bed, you can pick the heart once, and the branch can produce 4-5 flowers. 20 days after germination, the height of the plant could be controlled by spraying 0.25% - 0.4% solution on the leaf surface. Ornamental sunflowers are cultivated in the open, with a long time of light, and tend to bloom a little earlier; while in winter, they are cultivated in the greenhouse, with a short time of light and a delay of flowering.