Crab claw orchid belongs to cactus family. Because the joint of the pitch diameter is like the vice claw of a crab, it is named crabmail. Common cultivated varieties are red, pink, apricot yellow, and pure white. Let's briefly understand the breeding methods and precautions of crab claw orchid.
Cultivation method of flowering crab claw orchid potted crab claw orchid (necessary basic knowledge for cultivation) 1. Potting:
When the seedlings are put into the basin, first put 1-2cm thick broken tiles or ceramsite into the bottom of the basin as the filter layer, and then sprinkle a layer of fully decomposed organic fertilizer as the base fertilizer, with a thickness of about 1-2cm. Then cover with a layer of soil, which can be mixed with fertile rotten leaf soil, peat and coarse sand. The pH value should be kept between pH5.5 and 6.5, and then put in the plant. Separate the fertilizer from the root system to avoid burning the root. After the basin is poured, it will be watered once, and placed in a slightly shaded environment for maintenance for a week.
2. Watering:
Watering should vary with the seasons. Although winter is the growing season, due to the low temperature, watering should not be more, as long as the basin soil is kept moist, generally watering once in 4-5 days. The temperature is high in summer. Although it is shaded, the basin soil is still easy to dry. Generally, water once a day or two. In summer, it can often spray water on the leaves, which can not only prevent heatstroke and cool down, but also make the plants grow well. Water once every 2-3 days in spring and autumn.
3. Fertilization:
Fertilization was mainly conducted in 9-10 months before flowering and 4-6 months after flowering. Once every 10 days, apply rotten human manure and cake fat water. In order to promote more branches and leaves in spring, nitrogen fertilizer is the main fertilizer; in summer, it is not suitable to apply fertilizer, otherwise it is easy to cause rot; in autumn, phosphorus fertilizer is the main fertilizer, which can make flower bud differentiation. Stop watering before fertilization to make the basin soil dry and the effect is good. Do not use strong chemical fertilizer.
4. Temperature:
The suitable temperature for the growth of crab claw orchid is 15-25 ℃. In summer, it is better to put it under the well ventilated windowsill or eaves gallery. After autumn, it can be transferred to indoor sunny place for cultivation. It is better to keep the temperature at 15 ℃ in winter. When it is lower than 5 ℃, it will not grow well and even suffer from frost damage. On a clear day, it should be exposed to the sun. Large plastic bags can be used to cover the plants on a cold night to prevent freezing damage.
5. Light:
The crab claw orchid is a short day plant. It can bloom in February to march under 8-10 hours of sunshine every day.
6. Pests:
At ordinary times, attention should be paid to ventilation and light transmission to create a relatively dry small environment. If necessary, chemicals can be used for prevention and control. For example, 800 times of methyltobuzin or 1000 times of methyltobuzin can be used, and spray once every 7-10 days. If it is found that the scale insect can be killed by spraying pyrethrin 4000-5000 times every 7 days or so.
scion
Breeding of scion fixed crab claw orchid
The propagation methods of crab claw orchid include cutting propagation, grafting propagation and sowing propagation, among which grafting propagation is the main one. The following is a brief introduction of three methods of reproduction:
1. Cuttage Propagation:
Select the strong and thick stem nodes, cut off 1-2 nodes, put them in the shade for 2-3 days, and then insert them into the sand bed after the incision is slightly dry. The substrate is peat and sand with the proportion of 4:1, and the temperature of the inserted bed is 15-20 ℃. The humidity of the slotting bed should not be too high, so as to avoid the incision being too wet and rotten. Rooting began 2 to 3 weeks after transplanting, and potted cultivation could be carried out 4 weeks later.
2. Graft propagation:
It is often carried out in May to June and September to October. The amount of the stock is Tianchi and huci. Pear cactus is selected for large pot cultivation. The scion should select the healthy stem nodes of the year, which should be 2-3 stem nodes. The lower end should be cut into the shape of a duck mouth, which should be connected with the wedge mouth of the rootstock, and inserted and fixed with cactus long thorn or sterilized toothpick. Generally, one rootstock can be grafted with three scions. After grafting, it should be placed in the shade to maintain high air humidity. If the scion remains fresh and firm within 10 days after grafting, it has healed and survived, which needs careful maintenance. After 1 month, the grafted plants can be transferred to normal management.
3. Seed propagation:
Crab claw orchid needs artificial pollination before it can bear fruit. Indoor pot sowing is often used, and the suitable temperature for germination is 22-24 ℃. The mixed soil of peat, rotten leaf soil and coarse sand is used as the sowing substrate, which needs high temperature disinfection before sowing. After the seeds of crab claw orchid are sown, the basin mouth is covered with glass to keep the humidity of the basin soil. 5-9 days after sowing. The seedlings grow slowly and should be managed carefully.
There is a period of dormancy after the cultivation of crabmeat orchid. At this time, the basin soil should be kept slightly dry. After dormancy, when new buds grow on the top of stem nodes, the normal watering management can be carried out.
2、 Crabmeat should not be exposed to the sun, because it will burn the plant and cause the stem and leaf to wither and fall off or even die. Therefore, it must be shaded in summer.
3. Crab claw orchid likes half shade. It should be cultured indoors in the sun or on the balcony in spring. Pay attention to proper ventilation.