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Watermelon planting technology: lightly apply seedling fertilizer, promote first and then control, a

To ask what fruit is best for summer, the answer must be watermelon! Watermelon can be called the "king of melons". It is refreshing, thirst quenching, sweet and juicy. It is a good fruit in midsummer. In addition to fat and cholesterol, watermelon contains a lot of glucose, malic acid, fructose, protein amino acids, lycopene and rich vitamin C. It is a highly nutritious, pure and safe food. So what is the planting technology of watermelon? Let's go and find out!

Watermelon planting technology and watermelon breeding methods (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: watermelon is generally sown in mid and late March, planted in mid and late April, and harvested and listed in late June; Autumn watermelon was sown in the first and middle of July and harvested and put on the market in late September.

The best growing soil: watermelon is suitable for sandy soil, and the sandy loam with deep soil layer, good permeability and not easy to ponding is the best. The suitable soil is ph5.5-8.0. The over acid and over alkali soil should be improved before watermelon cultivation.

Growth humidity requirements: watermelon requires dry air, and the appropriate air relative humidity is 50 ~ 60%.

Optimum growth temperature: the growth and development of watermelon needs higher temperature, which is heat-resistant but not low temperature resistant. The suitable temperature for growth is 18 ~ 32 ℃, and a certain temperature difference is required. Nutritional growth adapts to lower temperature, while fruiting and fruit development require higher temperature.

Optimum growth light: watermelon likes light. Under the condition of sufficient sunshine, it has high yield and good quality.

Precautions for watermelon cultivation technology: fertilizer application:

To cultivate watermelon, we should choose the plots with loose soil, deep soil layer, fertile soil, good drainage, sufficient light and western sun; Watermelon field is not suitable for continuous cropping. Generally, it should be rotated once every 4 ~ 5 years. Otherwise, Fusarium wilt is serious; Rice, corn and other cereal crops are the best, followed by potato, cabbage and other vegetable crops. However, watermelon, as a melon vegetable, has serious diseases and should not be selected.

Melon fields must be ploughed deeply, preferably in winter. In the plots with deep ploughing or deep ploughing foundation, drainage ditches shall be opened around, and the trunk shall be opened according to the row spacing of 2.4-3.0m (ditch width 0.5m). The ditch shall be opened on one side of the border to apply base fertilizer. 2500-3000 kg of farm fertilizer shall be applied per mu, 15-20 kg of phosphorus fertilizer, 20-25 kg of 45% compound fertilizer, 2 kg of borax and 1 kg of zinc fertilizer shall be added. In order to prevent underground pests, a small amount of crystal trichlorfon can be mixed in the base fertilizer. Cover the base fertilizer ditch and form a melon ridge. Finally, cover it with plastic film and wait for sowing or transplanting. When opening the compartment, it should be noted that the compartment line is perpendicular to the wind direction in spring and summer. Ditch and apply base fertilizer on the compartment surface where the wind first blows into one side, so as to facilitate the melon vine to be consistent with the wind direction after planting.

The basic principles of watermelon topdressing are: light application of seedling fertilizer, first promotion and then control, skillful application of vine extension fertilizer, and heavy application of expanded melon fertilizer after sitting on young fruits.

1) Promote seedling fertilizer.

Seedling promoting fertilizer is generally applied within one week after melon seedling transplanting or at 4-5 leaf stage of direct seeding seedlings, and a small amount of quick acting fertilizer is applied when the base fertilizer is insufficient or the fertilizer effect of base fertilizer has not been brought into play. Generally, 8 ~ 10g urea (or 20g ammonium sulfate) is applied to each plant, and the soil is covered after trenching and fertilization.

2) Hasten the vine.

It can be carried out before and after vine extension. Generally, when the melon seedlings grow to 40-60 cm, 10-12 kg of urea, 8 kg of calcium superphosphate and 13 kg of potassium sulfate are applied per mu, or 18-22 kg of 45% potassium sulfate ternary compound fertilizer is applied per mu, and a ditch is opened 25-30 cm away from the root of the melon or between the two plants, with a ditch depth of 10-15 cm. After application, it is covered with soil and watered to promote the absorption of fertilizer.

3) Puffy melon fat.

The expansion period is the period when the fertilizer demand of watermelon is the largest in its lifetime. When the watermelon egg is large, the root system is full of the whole border. Many melon farmers will apply expansion fertilizer in the hole at this time. Because the hole application fertilizer is too concentrated, it will burn out the root system around the fertilization point, and it is not conducive to the rapid decomposition and transformation of fertilizer, which is very different from the fertilizer demand characteristics of large fertilizer, large water, quick and comprehensive in the expansion period of watermelon; Therefore, it is best to use human and animal manure water and dissolved chemical fertilizer for expanding melon fertilizer. When the watermelon egg is large, it is about 30-45 cm away from the melon Foundation (the extension side of the key melon vine) and watered with fecal water plus compound fertilizer and urea. The melon farmers without fecal water are watered after dissolving 8kg of compound fertilizer, 4.5kg of urea and 5kg of potassium sulfate. The concentration of expanded melon fertilizer should be light, and the fertilizer should be adjusted with water, so that the fertilizer can play a role quickly in the short term, especially when the soil is relatively dry. In the later stage, the foliar fertilizer is sprayed with 0.4% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7-10 days, 2-3 times in total.

Watermelon planting technology

Key points of watering:

Watermelon watering should be flexibly arranged according to the water demand law of different growth stages of watermelon and the weather, soil and plant growth, that is, watermelon watering should be carried out according to the water demand law of watermelon.

The specific measures are:

1) Watering (referring to direct seeding watermelon in the open field) from sowing to the group tree stage shall be small, the method of "dark watering" shall be adopted, and watering shall be carried out in the morning to avoid reducing the ground temperature and slowing down the growth rate of seedlings.

2) From the cluster tree to the fruit setting node, the female flower should be irrigated reasonably during flowering. After watermelon clusters, irrigation should be carried out in combination with fertilization to promote the growth of watermelon stems and leaves. When the female flower blooms near the fruit setting node, it is generally not irrigated. If large water is poured at this stage, it is very easy to grow crazy seedlings, which makes it difficult for watermelon to set melons. More attention should be paid to the varieties with strong growth.

3) At the fruit setting node, the female flower does not irrigate during the flowering period, so as to prevent flower falling and melon caused by crazy seedling.

4) Watermelon from "hair" to "fixed", that is, after the melon is stable, it is necessary to ensure an adequate supply of water. Watermelon from "depilation" to "fixed" is the peak period of watermelon expansion, which is the period in which watermelon needs the most water in its life. The water supply in this period is the key to determine the yield and size of watermelon. Therefore, there should be no water shortage at this stage to meet the water demand of fruit expansion.

5) After the watermelon is "fixed", the fruit growth speed will gradually slow down, and the amount of watering should be gradually reduced. Watering to 2 / 3 of the ditch depth can be done, and the water supply should be balanced to prevent the soil from drying and wetting, so as to avoid fruit cracking.

6) Don't pour water during drought to avoid fruit cracking. When the fruit begins to mature in the later stage, if it must be watered in case of special drought, in order to ensure that the plant will not die of drought, only water to 1 / 3 of the ditch depth, and water in cloudy days or cool in the morning and evening in high temperature period. Do not water in hot noon and high temperature.

7) Combined with fertilization and irrigation, it is conducive to root absorption of nutrients.

Watermelon planting technology

Pruning Essentials:

Watermelon has lush vine leaves. If it is allowed to grow, the overlapping of melon vines will not only affect the dense planting, but also delay the fruit bearing. Watermelon pruning methods generally include single vine, double vine and three vine. Single vine pruning leaves only one vine per plant. The method is simple, the number of plants per unit area is more, the number of melons is more, but the leaves per plant are less, the fruit is not easy to grow, and the yield and quality are low. In addition to the main vine, when the main vine grows to more than 30 cm, a strong side vine is selected at the base for double vine pruning, two strong side vines are reserved for three vine pruning as auxiliary vine or preparatory vine, and the other side vines are removed; Double vine pruning is often used in production. When pruning watermelon, we should pay attention to one is pruning in time. Generally, it starts when the main vine is 40 ~ 50cm long and the side vine is about 15cm long, and then once every 3 ~ 5 days; Second, no matter which pruning method is adopted, it is required to be carried out carefully before fruit setting, and pruning is generally not carried out after fruit setting, so that more branches and leaves can provide nutrition for fruit growth. When the fruit begins to expand rapidly, it can be picked to prevent excessive nutritional growth.

Breeding points:

Watermelon is mostly propagated by sowing.

The day before sowing, 800 times of methylparaben body fluid shall be used to pour through the seedling soil. When the seed bud grows to about 0.5cm, it shall be sown in the seedling tray. The seed shall be placed flat, the bud tip shall be upward, covered with fine nutrient soil 1.5cm thick, and 800 times of methylparaben body fluid shall be used to pour through the seedling tray, and the temperature shall be maintained at 25 ~ 30 ℃ to ensure neat emergence. The temperature can be kept at 18 ~ 28 ℃ after emergence. The seedbed is better dry than wet. Frost damage shall be prevented in early spring to ensure sufficient light. In summer, seedlings should be prevented from growing in high temperature.

Pest control:

The main diseases of watermelon include Fusarium wilt, anthrax, virus disease, powdery mildew and epidemic disease. The main pests include small land tiger, aphid, red spider, yellow guard melon, melon maggot, leaf miner, etc.

1) Disease control: implement rotation for more than 4 ~ 5 years, select disease-free seeds, and soak the seeds with 100 times formalin solution for 30 minutes for disinfection. The main control methods of fungal diseases: the diseased plants are removed and burned in time, and the diseased holes are disinfected with lime or 50% ammonium substituted 400 times. In the early stage of the disease, 50% ammonium metasen 500 ~ 1000 times solution can be poured into the rhizosphere for control. Popularize the technology of grafting and root replacement of watermelon. Apply rotten organic fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. During the growth period of watermelon from May to July, 70% tobuzin 1000 times solution, 25% carbendazim 500 ~ 700 times solution, 50% mancozeb 1000 times solution and 1:1:200 Bordeaux solution were used alternately every 7 ~ 10 days.

2) Prevention and control of insect pests: for small land tigers, melon maggots and yellow shougua, we can use more ploughing and raking in early spring to eliminate insect eggs, use sugar and vinegar to lure moths to eliminate adults, use 90% trichlorfon 800 ~ 1000 times liquid to irrigate roots, or add a small amount of water to mix fresh grass and stir fry fragrant cake fertilizer to lure and kill. Red spider and leaf miner can spray 50% dimethoate 1000 times or 80% dichlorvos 1000 ~ 1500 times.

Watermelon planting technology