Cherry is rich in nutrition and belongs to one of the rare fruits. Cherries are different from cherries. Cherries are imported cherries. Cherries are produced in the United States, Canada, Chile and other American countries. There is a lot of difference between cherries and cherries. Cherizi is dark red in color and has a thick skin; Domestic cherry is pink in color, small in shape, thin and soft in skin. So how are cherries grown? Please read with me with questions!
Planting method of cherry and breeding method of cherry (basic knowledge): the best breeding time: high altitude hair pressing is usually selected in the vigorous growth period of cherry (in late spring and early summer); The grafting method is generally carried out before germination in spring; The fruiting method can be carried out in ~ 2 days after cherry harvest; The cutting method was carried out during the growth period of spring and summer.
The best growing soil: the best growing soil for cherry is sandy loam with loose soil and deep soil layer.
Growth humidity requirements: cherries like humidity, but they are also afraid of waterlogging and drought.
The best growth temperature: the best growth temperature of cherry is the average annual temperature of 10 ~ 12 ℃, the time when the daily average temperature is higher than 10 ℃ is 150 ~ 200 days, and the places with the extreme minimum temperature of not less than - 20 ℃ in winter can grow well and bear normal fruit.
Best growth light: Cherry likes light and is born in the sunny place on the hillside or by the ditch. But dormant cherries don't need light.
Planting method of cherry precautions for cherry culture: fertilizer application:
Cherry fruit development period is very short, generally 30-50 days. The process of fruit development can be divided into the first rapid long-term, hard core stage and the second rapid long-term. The fruit size at harvest mainly depends on the degree of fruit development in the first fast and long term. The second expansion stage determines the single fruit weight and fruit quality. If you want a big fruit, you must supplement enough nutrients as soon as possible, do a good job in fruit thinning and adjust the load of the tree. In order to improve the quality, we must increase the application amount of potassium fertilizer, supplement medium and trace elements such as calcium, boron and zinc, and reduce the application amount of nitrogen fertilizer.
Key points of watering:
Pour water for 5 times in appropriate period:
1. Pre flowering watering before germination to flowering, watering to meet the water demand for leaf expansion and flowering. This watering can reduce the ground temperature, prolong the flowering period, and sometimes avoid the harm of late frost.
2. Watering in hard core stage shall be carried out 10-15 days after flower falling. At this time, large cherry grows most vigorously and is most sensitive to water supply. Water shortage will result in a large number of willow yellow fruits with softened fruit cores, and watering will reduce the average number of willow yellow fruits by 38.7% compared with non watering.
3. Watering before harvest. Watering once 10-15 days before harvest has a great impact on the yield and quality of large cherry. This is the period of rapid fruit expansion. If the fruit is short of water and poor development, it will not only have low yield but also poor quality. Watering before harvest can increase the yield by 20% - 30% compared with no watering, but watering too late will delay the harvest period.
4. Watering after harvest, and flower bud differentiation after fruit harvest. In order to restore the tree body and ensure the normal differentiation of flower buds, topdressing and watering should be carried out. This watering should be less, and it is better to wet the land with small water. After that, short-term drought is conducive to flower bud formation.
5. After applying base fertilizer in October, the frozen water should be watered once? Enhance the overwintering ability of trees.
Pruning Essentials:
Cherry pruning is mainly carried out in the growing season in principle, but due to the constraints of the actual production situation, sometimes the pruning work in the growing season is not in place, so it needs to be adjusted by pruning before budding in spring. Before sprouting, the pruning shall try not to move the large branches, reduce the wounds to prevent glue flow, mainly remove the over dense branches and competitive branches, and less short cuts. Pruning is generally required to be completed before March 10. The pruning principles of fruit trees in different periods are as follows:
1. The young trees shall remove the excessive vertical main branches on the middle trunk and the excessive long branches on the main branches, and the main branches and lateral branches on the main branches shall be mainly pulled, opened and sprouted. The opening angle of the main branch should be 60-70 degrees, and the opening angle of the side branch should be 70-80 degrees. When pulling the branch, it should be pulled into a line and should not be pulled into an arch. Bud cutting is generally carried out before bud germination in early March, with the purpose of promoting lateral branches on the main branches.
2. When the tree is 4-7 years old at the initial fruit stage, the tree structure should be adjusted and the culture of fruiting branch group on the main branch should be paid attention to. First, gradually remove the main branches that are too low and too dense, so that the main branches do not affect each other; The second is to properly retract without branching to promote branching. Third, the weak lateral branches should be retracted or shortened to rejuvenate, and the excessive opening angle should be alleviated to promote the growth and flower formation.
3. In the full fruit stage, the tree structure shall be adjusted to improve the scenery conditions in the crown. The redundant upright branches, over dense branches, overlapping branches and Cross branches sprouted in the crown shall be resolutely removed, and the layer spacing shall be opened to avoid disturbing the tree shape and consuming nutrition. If the tree height is too high, drop the head in time and take the lead with weak branches to control the crown height.
Planting method of cherry
Breeding points:
Real method
After the cherry is harvested, cut the peel and pulp, take out the core, wash the pulp attached to the core with clean water, and then dry it in a cool place for 1 ~ 2 days. When sowing, the seeds are directly sown in a shallow basin and germinate about 10 ~ 30 days after sowing. When the seedling grows to 5 ~ 250px, it is transplanted into a plastic soft pot. Cherry seeds germinate easily, but their germination is not neat, and the seeds produced by some plants often lack viable embryos, and the germination rate is often less than 30%. The fruiting age of seedling method was late, and the quality variation among seedlings was large.
Cutting method
During the growth period in spring and summer, semi mature and robust branches with diameter of 0.7 ~ 30px, length of each section of 15 ~ 500px and epiphytic 4 ~ 6 leaves are selected. They are inserted into river sand, vermiculite or peat soil or several mixtures, which are suitable for seedling bed medium. The cuttings need to be kept wet and shaded. Rooting takes about 1.5 ~ 2 months after cutting, and transplanting can be carried out after the root group grows vigorously. If the cutting method is managed face to face, the survival rate will be 60 ~ 90%. The cutting method is simple and the success rate is the highest.
air layering
Select the branches for more than two years, peel them in a ring at the lower part near the node (destroy the phloem of the part and promote the cambium above to root), then put the wet velvet grass into a transparent plastic bag, wrap the whole wound, and tie up the upper and lower ends. After rooting, it is cut below the pressing part, and the potted plant becomes a new plant. Usually selected in the vigorous growth period of cherry (in late spring and early summer), it is easy to take root. Although rooting is easy, there are great differences among varieties.
Grafting method
Cherry grafting takes the seedlings, mountain cherry and cherry blossoms of cherry as rootstocks and good cherry varieties as scions. It is better to select the rootstock before germination in spring. The best rootstock should be the same or similar in thickness to the scion, and can be split or adjacent. When grafting with split grafting method, select the grafting position on the rootstock, cut off the upper redundant branches with sharp scissors, and split the remaining "pile" with a knife. The opening is about 2-3cm deep and the scion is long
It should be about 10cm. The scion should be quickly cut into two sides into a "wedge" and inserted into the split; After aligning the formation layer, bind it firmly with plastic film strip without air vent. First place it in a cool and ventilated place, spray water on the ground to maintain the high humidity of the environment, or cover it with plastic bag for moisturizing, and then timely ventilate according to the temperature change. Do not let the temperature in the bag be too high. When new buds grow, remove the plastic bag. And move the plant to a sunny place. Watering should be between dry and wet.
Planting method of cherry
Pest control:
Many diseases and pests of cherry are the same as those of other stone fruit trees, which can be controlled for reference. The main diseases of cherry are perforation disease, root neck rot and dirty disease. Root neck rot often occurs on trees in the early fruit stage, resulting in root neck ulceration.
Control method: it is mainly to avoid long-term soil cultivation at the root and neck of the plant and prevent underground pests from biting the bark. At the same time, it is necessary to check frequently. If the diseased plant is found, it shall be scraped and treated in time. After scraping, it shall be disinfected with Bordeaux slurry or stone flow mixture. If the root neck rot is serious, the growth of the shoot can also be restored by bridging in spring.
Cherry pests mainly include red necked longicorn beetle, golden thread Gideon, small winged moth, bulbous Crustacea and navicular caterpillar. The moth has one generation a year, and the larvae do harm in the cortex of the big branch.
Prevention and control measures: mainly spray medicine at the peak of adult emergence, paint white on the branches to prevent spawning, and kill or dig out the larvae in time when they are found defecating in the field.