Kidney beans, also known as kidney beans and second season beans. Phaseolus in Leguminosae. It is a short day vegetable, but most varieties do not have strict requirements on the length of sunshine. It can be cultivated in four seasons, so it is also known as "green bean". Both north and South can be introduced to each other. This article will give you a brief introduction to the seed planting methods of kidney beans.
How to plant bean seeds? 1. Prepare the land for border
The root system of kidney bean is developed and deep into the soil, so the loam or sandy loam with deep and loose soil layer and drainage and irrigation conditions should be selected. The previous crops have not been planted with legumes, preferably scallion and garlic, root vegetables and cabbage, and neutral to slightly acidic soil. After the harvest of the previous crop, deep ploughing and sunning shall be carried out. 2000-3000 kg of farm fertilizer, 30 kg of compound fertilizer and 15 kg of potassium sulfate shall be applied per mu as the base fertilizer, so that the border can be made after the fertilizer is fully mixed with the soil. Generally, the border width is 0.9-1m, the ditch width is 30 cm and the ditch depth is 30 cm, and 2 rows shall be sown in each border.
Land preparation
2、 Timely sowing
Seeds shall be selected before sowing. Seeds with full and shiny seeds shall be selected. Seeds with germination, disability, moth eaten and mechanical mixing shall be removed and dried for 1-2 days. Kidney beans are generally directly sown by hole sowing method. Vine kidney beans are sown in two rows per border, with a row spacing of 55-60 cm and a hole spacing of 30-40 cm (winter kidney beans should be thin and spring kidney beans should be dense). 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, with a seed consumption of 2.5-3 kg per mu; The row spacing of dwarf seeds is 40cm, the hole spacing is 30-40cm, 3-4 seeds are sown in each hole, the seed consumption is 3.5-5kg per mu, and the soil is 2-3cm.
3、 Field management
From transplanting to flowering, kidney beans mainly focus on water control, middle tillage and root promotion, and squat seedlings appropriately to promote flowering and pod setting; After pod setting, sufficient fertilizer and water shall be supplied to promote flowering and pod setting.
After flowering and podding, the plants are generally topdressed 2 ~ 3 times, with 5 ~ 15kg urea per mu or 750 ~ 1000kg rotten human manure and urine;
At the peak of harvest, topdressing with water once, and 25kg diamine or 25kg potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be applied per mu. Reasonable pruning, proper selection and retention of lateral tendrils, selection and retention of robust lateral tendrils with early occurrence of the first inflorescence, including the lateral tendrils growing above the middle of the main tendril, leaving 4 ~ 5 leaves for topping after pulling out the first inflorescence, so as to increase the number of flowers and promote the good development of inflorescence.
Field management of kidney bean planting
4、 Pest control
Major pests
1. Pod borer
The larvae mainly feed on beans in the pods, and excreted fecal particles are accumulated outside the boreholes in the pods. It can harm kidney beans, lentils, cowpeas, peas and soybeans.
The mature larvae are 13-18 mm long and purplish red. There are herringbone black spots in the center of the anterior chest pain plate and 1-2 black spots on both sides. The mature larvae go into the soil for overwintering, emerge and lay eggs on the bean plant the next year, and do harm after hatching. The occurrence of pests in dry years is more serious than that in rainy years.
Prevention methods
Adjust the sowing date to make the pod stage avoid the peak period of adults. During the peak adult stage and egg hatching stage, spray 90% crystal trichlorfon 700-1000 times liquid or green bean 2000 times pure emulsion or 20% fenvalerate 3000-4000 times liquid, once every 7-10 days and 2-3 times in a row.
2. Aphids
The main hosts are broad bean, cowpea and sucking bucket liquid, which weakens the growth of plants, stops growing in serious cases, and spreads viral diseases.
Prevention methods
It mainly focuses on chemical control. The commonly used chemicals include 1500 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion, 1000 times of 10% imidacloprid wettable powder, or 3000 times of 50% aphid fog, which are sprayed for 2-3 times[ 5]
Main diseases
1. Bacterial blight (leaf burning)
It can damage a variety of beans, mainly leaves, stems and pods. There are stains on the leaves and yellow halos on the edge of the disease spots. When dry, the disease part is translucent, then perforated, and finally the whole leaf is dry like fire. Stem disease spots are reddish brown, long strip, slightly concave, and then dry and cracked. Pod lesions are nearly round and slightly concave, and yellow bacterial pus can overflow from the diseased part when it is wet.
The disease is serious in fields with high temperature and rain, lack of fertilizer, many weeds and heavy pests.
Prevention methods
Disease resistant varieties shall be selected. Disinfect the seeds. At the onset of the field, 4012000 times the antibacterial agent, 1:1:200 Bordeaux or 80% times zinc wettable powder 800 times liquid, 7 days spray, 53% gold retorle water dispersible granule 600 times, or 72% grams of 800 times liquid. Spray continuously for 2-3 times.
2. Anthrax
Bean anthracnose
It mainly occurs on the pods near the ground, and initially expands from small brown spots to near circular spots. The center of the disease spot is concave, which can pass through the pods and invade the seeds, and the edges are concentric. There are many leaf spots, and the back of the leaf expands in a pleomorphic manner along the leaf vein, changing from reddish brown to brown. When it is wet, the disease spots secrete red viscous substances, and the disease spots on the stem are slightly concave and brown.
Anthrax is a fungal disease. Warm, high humidity, rainy, foggy and dewy environmental conditions are conducive to the disease. Those with continuous cropping, low-lying, over dense planting, sticky land and extensive management have serious disease.
Prevention methods
Implement rotation. Seed disinfection. Increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. At the beginning of onset, use 1:1:200 Bordeaux solution, or 50% carbendazim, or 80% mancozeb thermophilic powder 800 times, or tancumin 800 times, or 25% Shibaoke 1000 times. Spray once every 5-7 days for 2-3 times.
3. Rust
It mainly damages the leaves, stems and pods, and the leaves suffer the most. At the initial stage, it is yellowish white small spots, and then gradually become yellowish brown convex small blisters. The epidermis of the disease spots is broken and rust powder is scattered. In the later stage, large dark brown convex spots are produced, and the epidermis is is broken, exposing black powder particles.
The incidence of high temperature and high humidity is serious. The dewy weather spread rapidly.
Prevention methods
Crop rotation. After onset, spray 25% Triadimefon 2000 times solution or 40% oxazolidone 4000 times solution or rust free garden 1000 times solution once every 20 days for 2-3 times.
5、 Harvest
The harvesting standard of kidney beans is that the tender pods are fully grown, the sutures on both sides are thick, the fiber is less, the flesh of the pod wall is tender, the fiber is less, the sugar content is high, and the seed size accounts for only about 1 / 3 of the pod width. The harvest time varies according to the utilization mode. If the tender pod is used for food, it can be harvested about 10 days after flowering; For quick-frozen storage and canning processing, in order to meet the unified shape and size specifications, the tender pods are harvested 5 ~ 6 days after flowering; If the seeds are used for food, they will be harvested 20 ~ 30 days after flowering and when the seeds are fully mature.
Bean harvest