Peanut is a healthy green food, many people love to eat, and we eat it almost every day, whether it is peanut fruit or non-staple food, it is very beneficial to human health. So, do you know how peanuts are grown? Do you want to grow some to eat? In this paper, some methods and precautions about peanut planting are sorted out for reference.
Broad peanut field
Field planting techniques of peanut
1. Variety selection
Good varieties are the basis for high yield of peanut. Peanut varieties suitable for planting in this area mainly include Fuhua series and Jifu series (commonly known as silihong). The growth period is about 110-120 days. Large and full pods with regular shape and no breakage were selected as seeds. Before shelling, the seeds should be dried for 1-3 days. After shelling, the seeds with pure color and neat shape should be selected as seeds.
2. Land leveling
Peanut is a cash crop that blooms on the ground, forms fruit needles, and then drills into the ground to bear fruit. It is suitable for planting in loose sandy soil and oil sandy soil. The plots planted with peanuts should be ploughed deeply, combined with ploughing, 30-40 tons of high-quality farmyard manure should be applied per hectare, and then ploughed and pressed 1-2 times. Where conditions permit, irrigation can be carried out first, and then agricultural fertilizer and chemical fertilizer can be mixed and applied into ridges and furrows to form ridges and suppress for timely sowing. Attention, peanuts like stubble, not stubble and alternate. Corn, millet and sorghum are the better crops.
Leveling land and applying base fertilizer
3. Scientific fertilization
Peanut is more resistant to barren, the fertilization should be based on base fertilizer, 30 tons of farmyard manure per hectare; The chemical fertilizer should be mainly phosphate fertilizer with 300-400 kg DAP per hectare. Peanuts should be planted in barren land, and 200-300 Jin urea should be applied per hectare.
① Layered fertilization: the fertilizer applied before sowing should be divided into base fertilizer and seed fertilizer.
② Fractional fertilization: it mainly refers to the fractional fertilization technology of combining base fertilizer, seed fertilizer and topdressing. Quick acting nitrogen fertilizer should be based on base fertilizer and seed fertilizer. In the process of growth, a certain amount of urea or other fertilizer should be applied in time.
③ Deep layer fertilization: the base fertilizer should be applied to 8-10 cm, the seed fertilizer should be applied to 3-5 cm, and the topdressing depth should be more than 10 cm.
In order to achieve the purpose of increasing production and income, it is suggested that qualified peanut special fertilizer should be used, and the application amount and method should be in accordance with the requirements of the instructions. For example, 200-300 kg urea, 300-400 kg diammonium phosphate and 100-150 kg potassium sulfate can be applied per hectare.
4. Timely sowing and reasonable close planting
The suitable sowing time of peanut in this area is in the first and middle of May. The specific sowing time depends on the weather conditions. The principle is: as long as the surface layer is 5cm, the ground temperature is stable, and it can be sown through 12 ℃, 3-4 peanuts per hole, and the thickness of covering soil is 3-5cm; The second is on demand. If the soil moisture is not enough, it must be planted by water sitting method. When using water planting, we must wait until the water is completely infiltrated before fertilization, sowing, covering soil and other links.
Before sowing, soak the peanut seeds for 3-4 hours with warm water (two cool to one open), keep moisture, and place them at 20-25 ℃ for germination. After one day and one night, the seeds can sprout. When sowing, the seeds should be sown on the wet soil to prevent the buds from drying. Germination seeds should be sown at any time, not overnight, so as not to damage the germ. Generally, peanuts should be sparse in fertile land and dense in thin land; The suitable planting density of this area is 150000-200000 plants / ha. The suitable planting density of each plot should be determined according to the soil fertility and the density tolerance of varieties.
Field management
5. Field management
① Seedling replacement and thinning: from late May to early June, the investigation of seedling situation should be carried out as soon as possible. For the fields with obvious lack of seedlings, the seedling replacement should be carried out as soon as possible. The method of accelerating germination and planting in water can be used to complete the work of seedling replacement and seedling fixation.
② Cleaning and crouching: when the peanuts are fully grown, dig a circle of soil around the peanuts 2 cm away from the seedlings with a small hand hoe, and then gently scrape the two cotyledons out of the ground. Generally, tree cleaning and seedling squatting are carried out three days after the first shoveling.
③ Shovel in time: start shovel after Xiaomiao is unearthed, and shovel for the first time three days later. After 15-20 days, shovel twice, pay attention to soil, do not press seedlings. The flowering period ended three times. When closing the ridge, go to the square head ridge, so that the needle can be inserted into the soil. At the same time, we should pay attention to pulling out the grass.
6. Topdressing in fruit stage
In the period of pod setting and fruit filling, potassium dihydrogen phosphate (0.3%) and other plant growth regulators such as Lvfeng 95 can be applied by foliar spraying according to the growth situation to promote the formation of seeds.
7. Pest control
① The common disease is Fusarium Wilt (also known as bacterial wilt and root rot);
The main symptoms were leaf withering, root and stem turning black brown and dead; Peanut diseases include leaf spot, anthracnose, angular spot and so on. For Fusarium Wilt and leaf spot, carbendazim or thiophanate methyl, mancozeb and other alternative control can be effective control, can also be sprayed with 200 times 70% barium polysulfide wettable powder.
② The common pests include red spider, aphid and underground pests;
The first choice for spider mite and aphid is 70% barium polysulfide WP (150-200 times); Dimethoate, imidacloprid, pyrethroid pesticides (such as laifuling) can also be used for timely control. The specific application method should be strictly in accordance with the instructions. Underground pests can be mixed with 1 kg of 50% phoxim EC, 50 kg of water, 300 kg of dry soil, and 15 kg of toxic soil per mu when sowing.
8. Autumn harvest
When the peanut leaves turn yellow and part of the stems and leaves dry, it can be harvested, usually in the middle of September. After harvest, the seeds should be dried in the air for precipitation to promote post ripening and improve seed maturity. Peanuts should be harvested and dried before frost.
Peanut harvest